第十二课Lesson TwelveLittle Things Are Big

*il-（不；非；无）+名词/形容词构成名词/形容词如： illogical 不合逻辑的 illegality 违法 illiterate 文盲 （四）Grammar 被动语态

请阅读教材上册P291~293

基本形式 be + 过去分词，表示主语为谓语动词动作的受动者。 各个时态的被动形式

短语用做被动语态时，介词决不可省略 They have sent for the doctor (主动) The doctor has been sent for. (被动)

被动语态用法：在英语中当强调所做的事情本身比强调施动者更重要或更方便时，或在施动者不明确或不便说出时，就用被动语态。试比较下列句子，句1比句2常用。 1） My bag was stolen. 2） A thief stole my bag. 2.形式

1)一般现在时

The content of each word is collected, along with the word itself. 2)现在进行时

A bridge is being built there. 3)一般过去时

He was hit by a car and his arm was broken. 4)过去进行时

He was being treated in the emergency room when I arrived at the hospital. 5)一般将来时

A new school will be set up in our neighborhood. 6)现在完成时

The work has been done. 活干完了。 7)过去完成时

50 graduates had been sent to that area by the end of last year. 3.短语动词的被动语态

He was often laughed at by his classmates because of his strange behavior. The doctor has already been sent for. 4.情态动词+动词的被动语态：

The project can be completed and will be completed this year.

例题1、\＿＿＿from here? A.Can it see B.Can it be seen C.Can see D.Can be seen 正确：B

例题2、\employees not to park their cars in front of the main entrance!\\I will. Employees＿＿＿in front of the main entrance\ A.are requested not to park their cars

B.requested not to park their cars

C.are not requested to park their cars D.are requested to park their cars 正确：A

例题3、They＿＿＿stepped out of the house＿＿＿it collapsed (倒塌). A.had not sooner??..than B.had no sooner???.than C.had not sooner??..when D.had no sooner?.until 正确：B

Questions on the text

注意：下面列出的题目必须能做到熟练！

2.Why was it a problem for the young woman to get on the subway train?

It was a problem for the young woman to get on the subway train because she had a baby on her right arm, a traveling bag in her left hand and two small children following after her.

3.What did the writer think of doing when he saw the woman getting ready to get off at the next station?

The writer of Little Things Are Big didn’t help the white young lady out of the train because he was not sure how the white woman would receive a black man’s offer of help.

11.What did he make up his mind to do then and there?

The writer of Little Things Are Big decided if he was ever faced with a situation like that again, he was going to offer his help without thinking about how the offer would be received.

12.How do you explain the title “ Little Things Are Big”? Do you agree that little things are big?

\Things Are Big\means that little things are often not little or unimportant and they may show something big and show what kind of person you are. Translate the following passage into English.

一天夜里，一位美国黑人在地铁里看到一位白人妇女带着3个很小的孩子，提着一个旅行包走了进来。（One night, an American black man saw a white lady entering the subway with three small children and a traveling bag.）他们在同一站下了车。（They got off at the same station.） 此时站台上别无他人，黑人很想帮帮她。（There were no other people on the platform, so the man wanted to help her very much.）可是他知道白人当中很多人对黑人有偏见。（But he knew that some white men were prejudiced against black people.） 要是他提出帮助她，她或许会误解他的意图，受到惊吓而尖叫起来。（If he offered to help her, she might misunderstand his will, and be frightened to scream.）黑人从他们身边走过之后，他就立刻感到他做得不对,他决定要是再遇到类似的情况，哪怕被误解，他也一定要伸出援助之手。（After the black man passed by them, he immediately realized that he was wrong, and he decided if he was faced with that situation again, he would offer his help even if he was misunderstood.） Vocabulary Exercises

1.根据下列构词法规则完成以下练习。

1）将mis-加在下列单词前面构成新词。 （1）place ---misplace v. 放错地方了 How could you misplace the book? 你怎么能把书放错地方呢？

misread 读错 misdeed 错误行为 misfortune 不幸地 （2）misguide 误导 misbehave 错误的行为

mistake 错误 mislead 误导 misrule 错误的管理 2）将il- 加在下列单词前面构成新词。 illegitimate 不合法的 illegal 非法的，不合法的 2.将下列句子译成英文。 1）用课文中的词或词组。 （1）我除夕之夜才回到家。 Spring Festival 春节

I came back home on the eve of the Spring Festival.

（2）昨天我碰巧遇到经理的秘书，他告诉我他们公司需要一名20出头的警卫。 Yesterday I ran across the secretary of the manager, and he told me that their company needed a guard man in his early twenties. （3）大学毕业时，他主动提出去西藏教书。

When he graduated from university, he offered to teach in Tibet. offer to do sth. 提出做某事。

（4）我是不是该打个电话问问他有什么问题？

Shall I call him and ask if he has some questions? （5）我想他们在雨季之前完成这个项目是不成问题的。 I think? 我想??

It is a problem for them to do sth.

I don’t think that it is a problem for them to finish the project before the rain season.

（6）一旦做出承诺，就要遵守诺言。 once 一旦??

Once you make a promise, please keep it. （7）苏州以其美丽的园林而闻名世界。 be known for 以??著名

Suzhou is known for its beautiful gardens.

（8）他面临着十分棘手的选择：是下海还是出国学习。 choice 选择 choose chose chosen

study abroad 出国学习 domestic 国内的

He is faced with the very difficult choice to go to business or study abroad. （9）这本《圣经》在他们家好几代从父亲传给儿子。 generation 代

generation gap 代沟 The Bible has been passed on in the family from father to son for several generations. （10）教师决不应对任何学生存在偏见。

A teacher shouldn’t be prejudiced against any of his students.

（11）工作中我们还面临不少问题，要实现我们的目标我们必须努力解决这些问题。

We are faced with a lot of problems in our work, and in order to achieve our goal we must try our best to solve them. 2）用本课的动词句型12。 （1）医生建议我好好休息。

The doctor advised me to have a good rest. （2）我妻子提醒我关窗。

remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事。 My wife reminded me to close the window. （3）那位老人教他的孙子识字。 句型：teach sb. to do sth. （4）encourage sb. to do sth. （5）ask sb. to do sth. （6）expect sb to do sth. （7）invite sb. to do sth.

（8）don’t allow sb. to do sth. 3.用下列词的恰当形式完成下列句子。

look（at ） : 看（强调动作） see: 看见（强调结果） notice: 注意到 watch : 观看

1）If you are in a dark room, you may look without seeing anything.

2）I think Larry is in the office. I saw him walk in a moment ago. I noticed his face was pale, but I didn’t ask why. 3）The children were playing in the garden; their teachers were talking while watching them.

4）Mary doesn’t like TV plays very much; she only watches the news and sports programs.

stop doing sth. 停止做某事

stop to do sth. 停止某事做另一件事

5）Stop talking （talk） over there! The chairman has something important to say. 6）The man dragged himself on. From time to time, he stopped to drink （drink） from a river or stream.

7）When the professor is at work, he hates to stop to answer_（answer） phone. look for :寻找（强调动作本身） find: 找到（强调结果）

8）I looked for it everywhere and found it in my pocket. 9）－－Did you look for the letter in the desk? ----- Yes, but I couldn’t find it there.

10）Many people are looking for jobs. You’re lucky if you can find one. Grammar Exercises

1.用正确的被动语态形式填空

1）The letter hasn’t been posted yet.

2）They didn’t pay me for the work. I didn’t expect to do it for nothing. 3）These cars are made by Japanese firms.

4）At that time he knew he was being watched by the police.

5）The examination will be held tomorrow and the dictation will be read three times. 6）The medicine he had been given for his heart trouble made his eyes weak. 7）The building is being pulled down.

8）Sorry, but you are not allowed to take books out of the library. They can only be read in the library.

9）His English was so good that he was taken to be an Englishman. 10）He has just been elected chairman of the committee. 3.将下列句子译成英语

1）他被选为班长（class president）。 He was elected monitor of the class. 6）他是被他叔叔带大的。

He has been brought up by his uncle. 7）难道你不知道图书馆里不许抽烟吗？

Don’t you know that smoking is not allowed in the library?