中考英语动词不定式及动名词归纳总结

中考英语动词不定式及动名词归纳总结

一、动词不定式的用法

1、动词不定式作主语

To master a language is not an easy thing. 掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情. To teach English is my favorite. 教英语是我的爱好. It's my pleasure to help you. 很乐意帮助你.

动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面,而用 it 作形式主语放在原主语的位置上. It's very kind of you to have given us much help. 你给了我们那么多的帮助真是太好了.

It's necessary to find the witness. 有必要找到目击者.

Itrs difficult for him to learn English well. 他学好英语很困难.

注意:It is adj. of sb. to do sth.是someone is adj. to do sth. 的强调式.即把形容词提到句子的强调地位.这时句中sb.即是形容词的逻辑主语,又是不定式的逻辑主语.It is 形容词 for sb. to do sth.中的sb.只能作不定式的逻辑主语.

也就是说,sb.既是形容词的逻辑主语,又是不定式的逻辑主语时sb.前面用of,如果sb.只能作不定式的逻辑主语时,sb.前面用for.如:

It is very important for you to master a foreign language.你们掌握一门外语是非常重要的.

句中的you就只能作不定式的逻辑主语.

It is very brave of you to have done it for the soldier.你真勇敢,为士兵做了这件事情. 句中的you是形容词和不定式的共同主语. 用于这一句型的形容词中学课本中出现的还有:careful,careless,clever,courageous,foolish,good,honest, nice, polite, right,silly,wise,wrong,grateful,naughty等.

注意:此类形容词绝大多数是说明某人品质、特性或行为方式的主动形容词. 2、动词不定式作宾语

接动词不定式作宾语的动词有: decide, desire, expect, hope, mean, pretend, promise, refuse, undertake, want, wish, agree, manage等.

我们可用这样一个虚构词\其汉语谐音为\磨豆腐喽\帮助归纳记忆.每一个字母代表一个英语单词.m-mean(打算),manage(设法);e-expect(期盼);r-refuse(拒绝);d-dare(敢),desire(渴望), determine(决心),decide(决定),demand(要求);o-offer(企图);w-want(想要),wish(希望);p-promise(答应),pretend(假装),plan(计划);h-hope; fail(失败),l-long(渴望),learn(学习); a-ask(要求), arrange(安排). 例如:

I have decided to be a good teacher. 我决定要当一位好教师. He refused to come to the party. 他不肯来出席这个晚会.

That stranger asked to see the manager. 那位陌生人要求见经理. I fear to offend him. 我怕得罪他.

I donrt care to see him again. 我不愿再见到他.

Werve arranged to drop by at six orclock.. 我们已经安排在六点钟访问. He failed to follow the instructions. 他没有按照说明书来做.

The girl had no choice but to cry. 那女孩除了哭以外,就没有别的选择. 注意:

①在canrt help but, canrt choose but, canrt but,had better, would rather, rather than 和dohhbut/except/besides 结构中,后面的动词不定式符号\chanel watches;常常省略. 例如:

Mr. Cheng couldnrt help but leave. 程老师只好离开.

I could do other things besides play football after school. 放学后,我除了踢足球还可以做其它事情.

The boy can do everything but speak. 那男孩什么都能做,除了说话. You had better leave here for the moment.你最好暂时离开这儿. I would rather stay at home on Sunday 星期天我宁愿呆在家里.

He prefers to work on the farm rather than do his homework at home.他宁愿在农场干活也不愿意在家做作业.

②动词不定式作宾语,后面又有宾语补足语时,常用it 作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语不定式放在后面.例如:

We found it difficult to learn a foreign language. 我们发现学习外语很困难. I think it wrong to come late for class.我认为上课迟到是不对的.

③ teach, decide, wonder, show, learn, forget, ask, find out, advise, discuss等动词后面可以接what, which, when, where, how, whether 等 不定式. 例如:

He teaches us how to learn English well.他教我们怎样学习好英语.

We discussed where to buy the computer.我们讨论了哪里能买这种电脑. He didnrt tell us when to start out. 他没有告诉我们何时出发.

④在同一句或联系紧密的对话中,为了避免重复,作宾语、补语的动词不定式再次出现时,to后面的内容常常承前省略(to留下),但如果有助动词have 或be 的任何形式,应该保留原形be或have. 例如:

mWhord like to go with me? mIrd like to.m谁想跟我一起去?m我. China is not what it used to be.中国已经不过去的中国了.

mYou are late. You ought to have come five minutes ago.你迟到了.你应该五分钟以前到.

mI know I ought to have.我知道我应该. 3、动词不定式作宾语补语 例如:

We expect you to be with us. 我们希望你和我们在一起. Please ask him to come here quickly. 请叫他快过来. 注意:接动词不定式作宾语补足语的情况.

①主语 ask/ require/ tell/ order/ force/ get/ want/ like/ expect/ advise/ allow/ permit/ forbid sb to do sth.

He asked me to work hard for the people.他要求我们为人民努力学习. She tells us not to come late. 她叫我们不要迟到.

②主语 think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/feel sb to beh I think him to be honest. 我认为他诚实.

I believe her to be a good student. 我相信她是个好学生.

主语 think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/feel sb to have doneh

We considered him to have been to the U.S.我们认为他去过美国. He is considered to have been to Beijing. 有人认为他去过北京.

③主语 hear(listen to, see, watch, notice, observe, look at, feel, have, let , make)sb do h

即hear, listen to, see, watch, notice, observe, look at, feel, have, let , make 后面接动词不定时作宾语补足语不带to. 例如:

I saw him go out just now. 我刚才看见她出去了.

He made us do a lot of homework.他让我们做很多作业. 这些动词可以用下面口诀帮助记忆. 不定式作宾补何时不带to? 下面口诀给予帮助. 二听、五看、一感觉, 使役动词有三个,

help可带,可不带(to) , 所以把它排在外. 二听:hear, listen to

五看:see, watch, notice, observe, look at 一感觉:feel

三个使役动词:have, let, make 例如:

She felt somebody touch her hair. She let me read her diary. I made him tell the truth.

Did you hear him say that yourself?

We have to help them (to) clean the town. 注意:变为被动语态时要加to. He was made to tell the truth.

④主语 call on/ depend on/ wait for/ ask for sb to do sth. 例如:

He called on us to learn from Lei Feng.他号召我们向雷锋学习.

He depends on his parents to give him food and clothing.他依靠父母提供吃穿. 4、动词不定式作表语

What I should do is to finish the task soon. 我应该做的是赶快完成任务.

The most urgent thing is to find the boy immediately. 当务之急是马上去找孩子. 注意:

①不定式作表语,其主语通常是 job, work,wish, hope, thought, idea, way, method, aim, duty, intention, purpose, suggestion 等.

②主语和表语同为不定式,其含义往往一个是条件,另一个是结果. Not to grasp firmly is not to grasp at all. 抓而不紧等于不抓. What I wish is to learn English well. 我所希望的是把英语学好. To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见.

③不定式结构作表语时,通常带to,但是当主语部分有一个动作动词do时(这个do 可以是限定动词形式,也可以是非限定动词形式,而且不论是什么时、体形式均可),

用作表语的动词不定式中的to可以省略.例如:

What we need to do is (to) reduce our use of energy and use natural forms of energy which are free and which will last for ever. 我们要做的是减少能源的消耗和利用各种天然能源.天然能源是即不花钱,又取之不尽,用之不竭的. All I did is (to) empty the battle. 我只需倒空瓶子.

What he has done is (to) serve the people. 他做的事就是救人. All we have to do is (to) push the button. 我们只需要按一下按钮. 5、动词不定式作定语

There are many ways to solve the problem. 有许多方法能解决这个问题. I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事情要告诉你. 注意:

①下面词语chance, wish, courage, need, promise, time, opportunity, way, the first, the secod, the last, the only one 等常常接动词不定式作定语.例如:

He is always the first to arrive and the last to leave.他总是第一个到达,最后一个离开.

There is no need to ask him the question.没有必要问他这个问题. ②不定式与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上是主谓关系. There is no one to look after her.没有人照顾他.

He needs a person to talk with him.他需要一人和他谈话. ③不定式与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上是动宾关系. She s looking for a room to live in.她再找房子住.

He has a lot of work to do today.他今天有很多工作要做. 6、不定式作状语

不定式作状语可以作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语、方式状语、表程度状语. English is difficult to learn.英语很难学习.

The problem is easy to deal with.这问题很好处理.

Itrs too dark for us to see anything. 太黑我看不见东西.

The question is simple for him to answer. 问题简单要他回答不值得. We went to the hospital to see our teacher. 我们去医院看了我们的老师.

She is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine from a Tibet flower.她在做试验,google,从一种西藏花中提取某种有用的药物.

①不定式作目的状语可以用in order to或so as to 表示,但so as to 不能放在句首. 例如:

In order to go to key university, he studies hard.为了上重点大学,他学习很用功. He sat in the front in order to/so as to see more clearly.

=He sat in the front so that/in order that he could see more clearly. 为了看得更清楚,他坐在前排.(目的)

He went to a big city in order to/ so as to find a good job.

=He went to a big city so that/in order that he could find a good job. 为了找一个好工作,她去了大城市.(目的)

②动词不定式作结果状语常常可以用以下结构.

so as to;so adj/adv as to doh 如此hh以致;enough to do h足够做hh;too adj /adv to doh太hh而不能hh;suchhas to doh如此hh以致 例如: