(完整word版)外研版初一(下)英语语法

We were good friends We then. were not(weren’t)good Were we good friends Yes,we were. then? No,we weren’t. friends then. They were in the city They were not(weren’t)in the Were they in the city in Yes,they were. in 2000. city in 2000. M8.

一般过去时表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态、过去的特征、过去的行为等。和一般过去时连用的时间状语有：last...\\yesterday\\....ago\\in the past\\the other day\\at that time\\just now\\in 1990等。 如：I was born in 2000.

He went to the museum yesterday. We climbed the mountain last week.

规则动词过去式的变化规则

变化规则 一般动词词尾加-ed 以“元音字母+一个辅音字母结尾”的重读闭音节动词，双写辅音字母再加-ed 以“辅音字母+y结尾”的动词， hurry marry y变为i,再加-ed

一般过去时的肯定、否定、疑问和回答方式的变化如下： 肯定 I started school at five. 否定 一般疑问句 回答 hurried married 原形 walk look stop step 过去式 walked looked stopped stepped 2000? No,they weren’t. I didn’t (didn’t)start school at Did I start school at five? Yes, I did. five. No, I didn’t. You took a walk this You didn’t (didn’t) take a walk Did you take a walk this Yes, you did. morning. He\\She moved this morning. morning? No, you didn’t. to He\\She didn’t (didn’t) move to Did he\\she move to Yes, he\\she did. London. It rained heavily. London. It didn’t (didn’t)rain heavily. London? Did it rain heavily? No, he\\she didn’t. Yes, it did. No, it didn’t. We played football We didn’t (didn’t) play football Did we play football Yes, we did . yesterday. yesterday. yesterday? No, we didn’t. They played basketball They didn’t (didn’t) play Did they play basketball Yes, they did. last week.

M9.

在前两个模块中我们主要学习了一般过去时的判定，be动词的用法和规则动词过去式的变化规则，本讲主要学习不规则动词的一般过去时用法。不规则动词过去式构成方式独特，因此需要特殊记忆。以下列举一些常用的不规则动词及其过去式。 be--was\\were leave--left buy--bought

meet--met

basketball last week. last week? No, they didn’t. come--came read--read do--did get--got go--went have--had take--took

see--saw spend--spent swim--swam write--wrote send--sent put--put

bring--brought

除了过去式的变化规则不同以外，不规则动词在肯定句、否定句、疑问句等各种句型中的使用与规则动词相同。下面我们以spend,come,go,take,see,swim为例具体说明： 肯定 I spent two days here. 否定 一般疑问句 回答 I didn’t (didn’t)spend two days Did you spend two days Yes,I did. here. here? No,I didn’t. You came here You didn’t (didn’t) come here Did you come here Yes,you did. yesterday. yesterday? No,you didn’t. yesterday. He\\She went to work He\\She didn’t (didn’t) go to Did he\\she go to work by Yes,he\\she did. by bus. work by bus. bus? No,he\\she didn’t. It took two hours to go It didn’t (didn’t)take two hours Did it take two hours to Yes,it did. there. to go there. go there? No,it didn’t. We saw the famous We didn’t (didn’t) see the Did we see the famous Yes,we did . film star. They swam in the sea. famous film star. film star? No,we didn’t. They didn’t (didn’t) swim in Did they swim in the Yes,they did. the sea. M10.

sea? No,they didn’t. 在前两个模块中我们主要学习了一般过去时的判定，一般过去时的肯定、否定、一般疑问句及其回答。本单元主要学习一般过去特殊疑问句的用法。 我们看下面的例句： --When did he die? --He died in 1900.

--How long did the rain last? --It lasted four hours.

--Why did he come back late?

--Because he wanted to finished the work.

综上，我们发现一般过去时的特殊疑问句的用法与一般现在时的特殊疑问句在结构上没有太大的差异，只是使用的助动词不同而已。

M11.

祈使句用来表达叮嘱、劝告、希望、禁止、请求或命令等。 祈使句的特点：

祈使句一般没有主语，说话的对象都是第二人称“你”或“你们”，所以也可以理解为省略了主语you。

以动词原形开头，无时态和数的变化。

祈使句的否定形式是在动词原形前加don’t。有时可用never。

在表达请求时，可以加上please；表达比较强烈的语气时，可以用感叹号。

有时为了加强语气，可以在动词之前加上do，表示“务必，一定”。 例如： Come in! Be quiet! Don’t worry. Sit down,please! Do look out!

M12.

感叹句是用来表达人的特殊情感的句子，可以表达人的喜、怒、哀、乐等感情色彩。感叹句可以是一个单词、一个不定式短语、一个由短语构成的独立句，也可以是由what\\how引导的句子，句末常用“！”。 1. what引导的感叹句

What+a\\an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语！ What a beautiful girl she is！

What+形容词+可数名词的复数形式+主语+谓语！ What important jobs they have done! What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！ What sweet water it is! 2. how引导的感叹句

How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语！ How interesting the dog is!

How+形容词+a\\an+可数名词单数形式+主语+谓语！ How useful a subject it is! How+主语+谓语！ How time flies!

3. 一些特殊形式的感叹句

在陈述句、祈使句或疑问句句尾加感叹号变为感叹句，表示某种强烈的感情。 He runs so fast!

用一个词或词组表达强烈感情的句子也是感叹句