2020高考英语大二轮复习冲刺经典专题语法部分专题三重难点课时第2讲非谓语动词教学案

第2讲 非谓语动词

无论在语法填空还是短文改错中，非谓语动词都是历年高考的必考点，是考生必须要掌握的知识。在解答有关非谓语动词类的试题时，考生同样必须要分清是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，如果句中找到了谓语动词，而又找不到连词

并列连词或从句连词

，则所给动词一

定用非谓语动词形式。当我们确定应用非谓语动词后，就要根据相应的语法知识去判断应使用非谓语动词的哪种形式，是v.－ing、v.－ed形式还是不定式。

考点感悟

语法填空 短文改错 语法填空对非谓语动词作主语、宾语、表语、 短文改错对非谓语动词的考查主要集中定语、状语、补语都会有所涉及，其中作状语、定语、宾语和补语的考查更为突出。 感1.(2019·天津滨海七所重点学校联考)________ (free) the students from their endless homework the school has decided to take a series of measures. 答案：To free 句意：为了把学生从没完没了的作业中解放出来，学校决定采取一系列措施。本句已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词，故free只能作非谓语动词，在本句中作目的状语故用不定式。 2.(2019·江苏无锡高三期末)A case of 于动词与非谓语动词的误用、现在分词与过去分词的误用、不定式符号的误用、缺失或多余。 感1.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)I want my cafe have a special theme such as “Tang Dynasty”. ___________________________________________________________________ 答案：cafe后加to want sb./sth. to do sth. “希望某人/某物做某事”。 2.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)When summer comes, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables. suspected food poisoning in New York has ______________________________________led to 6 high school students ________ __________________________ (send) to hospital. 答案：being sent 句意：纽约一个疑似食品中毒的案件已经导致6名高中生被送到医答案：pick前加to invite sb. to do sth.意为“邀请某人去做某事”。 3.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)We hope that all of us 院了。lead to “导致”，其中的to是介词，will devote our efforts to protect pandas 后面接动名词的复合结构：逻辑主语(6 high and let them live in the wild again some school students)＋动名词，因为students和send之间是被动关系，故用动名词的被动式。 3.(2019·江苏高考)China's image is day. ________________________________________________________________ 答案：protect→protecting devote ... improving steadily, with more countries to ... “致力于……”，其中的to为介词________ (recognize) its role in international affairs. 答案：recognizing 句意：中国的形象正在稳步提升，更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。此处是with复合结构(with＋而非不定式符号，故其后应跟动名词形式。 4.(2019·广州调研)They send letters to businesses, going to job interviews, and ask their friends and relatives for help. ______________________________________宾语＋宾补)，more countries与recognize __________________________ (承认，认识，认可)之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作宾补。 4.(2018·北京高考)________ (travel) 答案：going→go 根据语意语境可知，该句陈述的是当前的行为，且此处与send，ask并列，故应用动词原形。 along the old Silk Road is an interesting 5.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)I showed them I was and rewarding experience. 答案：Traveling 此处为动名词作主语的用法。 5.(2018·江苏高考)Around 13, 500 new jobs were created during the period, independent by wear. ________________________________________________________________ 答案：wear→wearing 介词后应用动名词形式作宾语。 ________ (exceed) the expected number of 6.(2016·四川高考)Mom was grateful and 12, 000 held by market analysts. 答案：exceeding 此处用非谓语动词作结果状语，exceed与主语Around 13, 500 new jobs为主动关系，且与句子谓语动词没有先后关系，故应用现在分词。 moving. ________________________________________________________________ 答案：moving→moved 根据语意“妈妈很感激和感动”可知，此处应用由过去分词转化6.(2018·天津高考)It took him a long time 而来的形容词moved作表语，意为“感动________ (acquire) the skills he needed 的”，用来修饰人。 to become a good dancer. 答案：to acquire 此处为It takes/took sb. to do sth.固定句式。 7.(2018·北京高考)Ordinary soap, ________ (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. 答案：used 此处为非谓语动词作状语的用法，use与逻辑主语为被动关系。 8.(2018·天津高考)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph ________ (take). 答案：taken 此处为非谓语动词作宾补的用法，take与宾语photograph为被动关系。 悟 无论语法填空还是短文改错，熟悉非谓语动词的基本用法及作同种成分时的用法区别都是解题的关键。另外平时还要多记固定搭配和常用形式，学会分析句子结构，判断句子成分，这样才能以不变应万变。

考点素能

一 非谓语动词的解题原则

原则1 了解句法功能，分析句子结构，判断句子成分，确定非谓语动词形式 非谓语动词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、状语、定语、补语多种成分，理解非谓语动词的句法功能，判断出其应作哪种成分是解题的关键。

①作伴随状语和结果状语时用现在分词

More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.

中国又建了更多的高速公路，这使人们从一处到另一处的出行变得更容易了。(表结果) All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem. 他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。(表伴随)

[特别提醒] 源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语，表示句子主语所处的一种状态，常见的有：seated (坐着的)，devoted (专注的)，lost/absorbed in (沉溺于)，dressed in (穿着)等。

Absorbed in his book, he didn't notice me enter the room. 他专注读书，没注意到我进入房间。

②作目的状语时用不定式，且只能用不定式的一般式 ●非谓语动词作目的状语，要想到用不定式。

To make it easier to get in touch with us, you'd better keep this card at hand. 为了更容易与我们取得联系，你最好随身带着这张卡片。

●非谓语动词作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果要想到用不定式，表示必然的结果要想到用现在分词。

He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left. 他匆匆赶到车站结果却发现火车已经离开了。(表出乎意料的结果)

●非谓语动词作原因状语，表示“喜怒哀乐”的形容词要想到用不定式；非谓语动词作时间状语、条件状语和原因状语等要想到用分词。

I am only too glad to see everything settled. 看到一切问题都解决了，我很高兴。 Being tired, he went to bed early. 因为很累，他很早就睡了。

③作主语时常用动名词，作介词的宾语时一定用动名词

●分析句子成分，如果一个经常性、习惯性的动作作主语，常用v.－ing形式。