2020届高考英语总复习：专题2第5讲冠词、代词Word版含答案

第五讲 冠词、代词

冠 词

冠词简约不简单，特指泛指需分辨

Ⅰ 示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用 1．(2017·浙江卷6月)For Pahlsson, its return was ____________ wonder. a 解析：此处泛指“一个奇迹”，应用不定冠词a。

2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed，____________ other is with mum—she never suspects.

the 解析：one...the other...“一个……另一个……”，为固定用法。

3．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ____________ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy. a 解析：for a while“一会儿”，为固定短语。

4．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.____________________

去掉the 解析：at first“起初；一开始”，为固定短语。

Ⅱ 通关点击 ____________________________________________________原则这样解读 (一)不定冠词

1．在发音以辅音音素开头的单词前用a，在发音以元音音素开头的单词前用an。

a university, a useful animal, a one-eyed dog, a European car, an hour, an honest boy, an X-ray, an ugly man, an honor等。

I earn 10 dollars an hour as a supermarket cashier. 作为一名超市收银员我每小时挣10美元。

2．不定冠词a/an放在单数可数名词前，泛指一个人或一个事物。

(2017·湖北重点中学联考)They found an apartment in America. They were there for only a month.

他们在美国找到一个公寓，在那里待了仅仅一个月。

3．表示泛指。说话人第一次提及某人或某物时通常用不定冠词。

At that time, I was working in a factory. The factory produces car parts. 那时，我在一家工厂工作。那家工厂生产各种汽车部件。

4．表示量指。不定冠词表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one强烈。 As the old saying goes, “Rome was not built in a day.”

常言道，冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。

5．“a(n)＋序数词”表示“又一，再一”；“a most＋形容词”表示“非常，很”。 He missed the gold in the high jump, but will get a second chance in the long jump. 他在跳高比赛中没有赢得金牌，但是，在跳远比赛中他还有一次(获得金牌的)机会。 He put forward a most useful suggestion at the meeting. 在会议上他提出一个非常实用的建议。

6．在抽象名词success, failure, surprise, pleasure, beauty, wonder, comfort, danger, shock等前表示“一个……的人或一件……的事”。

The operation is a success and the patient is now out of danger. 手术很成功，病人目前脱离了危险。 7．不定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中。如： all of a sudden in a hurry as a rule be on a visit as a matter of fact as a result have a gift for have/catch a cold make a living have/take a rest in a way give sb. a lift

(二)定冠词的6种基本用法 1．特指某人或某事。

The village where I was born has grown into a town. 我出生的那个小村庄已经发展成了一个小镇。

2．用于序数词和形容词/副词最高级以及形容词only，very，same等之前。

As is known to all, the People’s Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world.

众所周知，中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。

3．某些形容词、分词前表示一类人或用在姓氏复数前表示一家人，要想到用定冠词。 As far as I know, the Greens are going to move to Beijing. 据我所知，格林一家要搬到北京去。

突然 匆忙地 通常 参观；拜访 事实上 因此

在某方面有天赋 感冒 谋生 休息

从某种意义上说 让某人搭便车

4．在世界上独一无二的事物，西洋乐器以及发明物的名词前要想到用定冠词。 The little girl likes to play the violin and often plays it after school. 这个小女孩喜欢拉小提琴，经常放学后演奏。

5．用于the more...the more...(越……越……)结构中。 The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make. 你越小心，就会越少犯错误。 6．定冠词用于固定短语中 at the moment at the same time on the contrary in the end on the whole to tell the truth in the distance on the other hand make the most of by the way

go to the cinema/theater in the middle of (三)零冠词的3种基本用法

1．在不可数名词或可数名词复数前表示泛指不用冠词。

Keeping a diary is a good habit, by which you’ll make great progress. 记日记是一个可以让你取得进步的好习惯。

2．用于与by连用的表示交通工具、通讯工具的名词前。 Are you going there by plane or by ship? 你是乘飞机还是乘船去那里？

3．用于系动词turn后的单数名词作表语时。

After years of hard work, Tom turned engineer while Mary good manager. 多年的努力之后，汤姆成了工程师而玛丽成了一名优秀的经理。

代 词

代词指代要想全，理清用法是关键

Ⅰ 示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用 1．(2017·浙江卷6月)“She thought I had hurt ____________(I)，”says Pahlsson.

此刻；目前 同时 相反 最后，最终 总的来说 说实话 在远处 另一方面 充分利用 顺便说一下 去看电影/戏剧 在……中间

myself 解析： 根据句意可知，此处表示“她以为我伤到我自己了”，应用I的反身代词，故填myself。

2．(2016·浙江卷)In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from ____________in the UK.

that 解析： 这里指代前面的不可数名词education system，为避免重复，所以用that。 3．(2017·陕西检测一)All of us have read thrilling stories.In many of ____________(they) the hero had only a limited and specified time to live. them 解析：考查代词。介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故用宾格代词them作介词of的宾语。

4．(2017·新疆第二次检测)Nowadays reference books have become a problem of great concern for ____________ the teachers and the students.

both 解析：考查固定搭配。固定搭配both...and...意为“两者都”，符合语境，故用both。 5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Mr.and Mrs.Zhang all work in our school.____________________ all→both或去掉all 解析： 主语只有两个人，应用both作同位语或删掉all。all指三者或三者以上。

6．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.____________________

many→much 解析：此处应用代词much指代much money，作动词cost的宾语；many通常指代可数名词复数。

Ⅱ通关点击 _______________________________________________________原则这样解读 1．人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词 人称 分类 人称代 词主格 人称代 词宾格 形容词性 物主代词 名词性 物主代词 反身代词 一 I 单数 二 you 三 he，she， it him，her， it his，her， its his，hers， its himself， herself， 一 we 复数 二 you 三 they me you us you them my your our your their mine yours ours yours theirs myself yourself ourselves yourselves themselves