2010年高考英语复习笔记

guide作名词时表示“向导，导游，指南”，作动词时意思是“为??带路，指引”。如：The visitors need a guide to show them the city. 观光者们需要一位导游领他们游览这座城市。The boy will guide you to the top of the mountain. 这孩子将把你带到山顶。

区别through与across。它们都是介词,作“穿过”讲，through的含义与in有关，表示动作在某物体的空间内进行；across的含义与on有关，表示动作是在某物体的表面进行的。常用的搭配有：through the forest (valley, crowd, window, tunnel) 穿过树林(山谷,人群,窗户,隧道) across the river (plain, desert, sky, sea) 穿过河流(平原,沙漠,天空,海洋) ★

tie?to 意为“把??拴到??上”。如：Don't tie the horse to the tree. Tie it to the post. 别把马拴到树上，拴到柱子上。The robber tied the owner of the house to a chair. 那个强盗把房主绑在椅子上。★

It is wrong to eat monkeys. “吃猴子是不对的”， 句首的it叫做形式主语，不定式短语to eat monkeys才是真正主语。为了避免头重脚轻，英语中经常用it作形式主语，而真正的主语通常为不定式，-ing形式或从句。如：It is impossible for me to finish so much work in such a short time. 在这么短的时间里完成这么多工作对于我来说是不可能的。It is no use quarrelling with him. 和他争吵没用处。It is necessary that you should speak English in and after class. 在课内外说英语是必需的。 ★

see sb. doing sth. 意思是“看见某人正在做某事”，强调看见某个动作正在进行；see sb. do sth.意为“看见某人做了某事”，强调看见了整个动作的过程，如：I saw him crossing the street now. 我看见他正在过马路。I saw him cross the street. 我看见他过了马路。 ★ play one's guitar 表示“弹吉它”。乐器名词之前常用定冠词the或one’s, 如：play the piano 弹钢琴。而表示球类的名词前则不用，如：play basketball 打篮球。

be about to do sth. 表示“即将要做某事，正要做某事”，常与when连用，是一个固定的句型，意为“正要??这时突然??”，强调即将发生的动作。这里的when相当于and then/and at that time 在那时。如： He is about to start. 他马上就要动身了。I was about to leave when the telephone rang. 我正要出门，就在这时电话响了。 ★

They can eat a person in two minutes, leaving only the bones. 现在分词短语leaving only bones，在这里用作结果状语，也就是说这些鱼能把人吃掉，结果只剩一副骨架啦！又如：His father died, leaving her a lot of money.

take off 起飞，如：The plane took off very smoothly. 飞机很平稳地起飞了。飞机降落

用 land，如：The plane landed on the airport safely.

What a sad sight it was! 英语感叹句的句型是：What(a) + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语。当句中的名词是可数名词单数时，what后要加a, 而如果名词是可数名词复数或不可数名词时，则what后不加a，在口语中还常常省略it is。例如：What a lovely day (it is)! 多好的天啊！What silly questions you asked! 你提的问题多傻啊！感叹句还有一个句型：How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语，那么把文章中的这句话转成这种句型应该是：How sad the sight was! 再如：How beautiful she sang! 她唱得真好！How fast he is running.他跑得真快！ ★

For miles and miles I could see nothing except a great fire and lots of smoke.这里的except也可以用but，表示“除了??之外”。不过跟在 nobody, none, nothing, nowhere等否定词及疑问词who, what之后时多用but; 而在all, every, everybody, everyone, everything 等词后则通常用except。如：I looked everywhere except there. 除了那儿，我哪儿都看了。There’s nothing but a table in the room. 房间里只有一张桌子。Nobody but me knows him. 只有我才认识他。★

for miles and miles 是由介词加名词构成的介词短语，在句中作状语用，表示强调。又如：for years and years 一连好几年；for days and days 一连好几天。

They can sell their beef at a high price in the capital. 介词at 后面常接表示花费、比率、程度、水平、年龄、速度等词，可以译作“以，用”。如：at a high price 意思是“以高价”，at a low cost 就是“以低成本”, We drove at high speed. 我们以最高的速度开车。The train was traveling at 100 kilometers an hour. 那火车以时速100公里行使。★

move on的意思就是“继续迁移，继续前进”。介词on表示动作的持续，意思是“继续”。例如：They walked on a little way without speaking. 他们朝前走了一段路，彼此都没有说话。He talked on about his travel in the forest. 他继续不停地讲他在森林里的那次旅行。

They move on to a new place every two or three years. 在这里 every + 基数词 + 复数名词，表示“每?，每隔?”，every five days就是每五天。如：Take the medicine every four hours 每四个小时吃一次药。They usually come home every two weeks. 他们通常每两星期（每隔一星期）回家一次。另外，我们还可以用 every+序数词+单数名词 来表达同样的意思，所以: every five days 也可写成 every fifth day。又“隔天”是every other day.

destroy 毁灭、毁坏，如：The enemy destroyed the city. 敌人毁坏了这座城市。All the hopes were destroyed.所有的希望都破灭了。

be made from和be made of 之间的区别在于：be made from （由...制成） 制成品已经变得看不出原料了，如课文中的土壤当然不是树叶的样子。be made of 是指从制成品中仍然可以看出原料，例如：The bridge is made of stone. 这座桥是由石头砌成的。The desk is made of wood. 这桌子是木制的。

sight ①情景；风景John enjoyed seeing the sights in New York. ②视力；视野His sight was poor.他的视力很差。You must put it away somewhere out of my sight.你最好把它放在我看不见的地方。

◇单元学习笔记◇ unit 3 grade 1

Language tip

have some difficulty in doing sth. 表示“做某事有困难”，difficulty在这个结构中是不可数名词，in有时可以省略。如：Do you have any difficulty (in) understanding his spoken English? 你听懂他的英语口语有困难吗？做某事毫无困难，可用have no/little difficulty in doing sth 如：I had no difficulty (in) translating the novel. 我翻译那本小说一点困难也没有。Difficulty也可以指具体的难事、困境(可数)，比如：He met with a lot of difficulties.他碰到很多困难。★

When do you take your next exams？动词一般现在时可表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作，仅限于少数动词，如begin, get, leave, take, start, go等，如：When does the summer holidays begin? 暑假什么时候开始？The plane takes off at 6:30 P.M. 飞机下午六点三十分起飞。What time does the train leave for Shanghai? 开往上海的列车几点钟开车？ Pardon? 或Beg pardon? 或I beg your pardon? 这三句都表示“请再说一遍”的意思，但注意它们都要使用升调。I beg your pardon. 用降调，意思是“请原谅、请宽恕”。又：Please pardon me for not arriving sooner. ★

know 是及物动词，后跟名词或代词，意思是直接知道或了解人和物；know about/of 的意思则是间接了解或听说某人和某物。比较：I have known him for a long time. 我已经认识他多年了。I have known about/of him for a long time. 我早就听说过他的事。 more or less 意思是“或多或少”、“大体上”、“左右”，用于说话者的意见不那么肯定的情

况下。It's an hour's journey, more or less. 大约一小时的路程。Our working condition has more or less improved. 我们的工作条件多少有了一些改善。

however 作副词表示转折，意为“然而，但是”，可放在句中、句首或句末，而且必须用逗号与句子分开，不能直接引导句子。but 和while也是表示转折的词，但这两个词都是连词，用于连接并列分句，but的语气较强烈，while强调两者的对比关系。例如：Later, however, he decided to go. 可是后来他决定去了。Jim is bad at physics, but he passed the exam. 吉姆物理不好，但是他居然及格了。I like tea while she prefers coffee. 我喜欢喝茶，然而她却喜欢喝咖啡。★

come about意思是“发生”、“造成”，相当于happen和take place，没有被动语态。如：How did this accident come about? 这个事故是怎么发生的呢？ Sometimes it is hard to tell how a quarrel comes about. 有时候很难说口角是怎样引起的。

At first, the language stayed the same句中的stay是连系动词，意为“保持（处于）某种状态”，相当于keep, remain, 通常后面跟形容词作表语。比如: She isn't married. She stays single. 她至今未婚，保持单身。The shop stayed open till six o'clock. 这家商店一直营业到六点。They don’t stay long in the same place. 本句中stay是不及物动词，long是副词。

the same as? 和??一样，如：He looks the same as before. 他看上去和以前一样。Please meet me at the same place as you did yesterday. 请到你昨天见我的地方来见我。与其对应的词组是 different from?, 和??不同。如：City life is very different from country life. 都市生活和乡村生活是非常不同的。My opinion is different from yours. 我的意见和你的不相同。★

just as后跟一个表示方式的状语从句，作“正如”、“恰似”解。例如：She loved painting just as her mother did. 她喜爱画画，正象她妈妈过去喜欢画画一样。Leave everything just as you found it. 让一切东西都保持原状吧。

a great many “许多”，也可以说a good many, 修饰可数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。如：I'm quite busy. I have a great many things to do. 我很忙，我有许多事要做。A great many of them are out of work. 他们中的许多人失业。 ★

and so on 表示“等等”，一般都放在句末，如：They are interested in art and music and so on.

American English has changed over the centuries, too. 几个世纪以来，美国英语也发