主谓一致 教案 知识点总结+练习

第四讲 主谓一致(Subject-Verb Agreement)

一、考点、热点回顾

（一）、主谓一致的定义

“主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、数上保持一致，即主语是复数，谓语也用复数形式，如are, were, have等，主语是单数，谓语要用单数形式，如：is, was, has, works等。

（二）它通常依据三项原则：

1） 语法一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。

2） 意义一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。 3） 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，

语法上一致

就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。因此也成为形式一致原则。1．he likes English. 2．we all like English

1.由and连接的两个主语

(1) 如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。

E.g: My English teacher and my class-teacher are talking with each other. (2) 如果指的是同一个人或物, 或者指同一概念的时候, 谓语要用单数。

E.g: My English teacher and class-teacher is Miss Wang. ※由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no， each， every， more than a （an） ，a （an）修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 E.g: Many a boy and many a girl Every boy and every girl

Each boy and each girl wants to see the film. No boy and no girl

More than a boy and more than a girl

2. 如果主语是不定式，动词ing形式或主语从句的时候,谓语动词用单数。 他正在做的事情看起来很重要。

What he is doing seems very important. 收集邮票是他的爱好。 Collecting stamps is his hobby. ※由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式， 但若?在主系表结结构中表语是复数 What he left to me were some books.

? wh-从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。 What caused the accident and who was responsible for it remain a mystery to me. What he thought and did at home have nothing to do with this problem.

教师寄语：Practice makes perfect.

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3、 主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with， together with， along with, except， but，besides，in addition to, like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。 with as well as

together with / along with

Tim besides/ except/but/in addition to +ten boys playing basketball. like

including rather than no less than

4. 在定语从句时，关系代词that， who， which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。

如：1) He is one of my friends who are working hard.

2) He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.

5. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family， class， police, team, group, nation, government,等。 The class is the best one in the class. The class are taking notes.

The family is a happy one. The family are music lovers.

6. 由“a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of， the majority of , the rest of, most of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。

1) There are a lot of people in the classroom. 2) The rest of the lecture is wonderful.

注意：

a number of “许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；

the number of “……的数量”，修饰可数名词单数或可数名词复数，主语是number，谓语用单数。

7. people, cattle 作主语是，谓语动词只能用复数。 The cattle are eating the grass.

8. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。 1) There comes the bus.

2) On the wall are many pictures.

所谓概念(意义)一致原则

是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式, 而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数, 但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数, 但在意义上却是单数。

教师寄语：Practice makes perfect.

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1. 形复意单名词如: news; 以ics结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Nights(一千零一夜); 以及 the United Nations 等作主语; 谓语动词要用单数.

2. trousers， glasses， clothes， shoes， 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a （the） pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。 My shoes is dirty.

The pair of shoes looks beautifull. I like it very much.

3. 表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体. 100 miles is a long distance.

Fifty-six dollars was stolen by a thief.

表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数。 One and a half apples is （are） left on the table.

4. 算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。 1)Twelve plus eight is twenty. 2) Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.

5. a（this） kind of ,a pair of , a series of, a set of, a crowd of+可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

1) A series of TV show is instructive . 2) This kind of men is dangerous.

注意： Men of this kind are dangerous .

6. 单复同形的名词，如: means, sheep, deer, species, aircraft, series, works(工厂)，Chinese, Japanese, Spanish, Portuguese 等作主语表复数意义时，谓语动词用复数。 反之，谓语动词用单数。

1) Every means has been tried .

2) All possible means have been tried .

7. 如果主语由“the + 形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时,谓语通常用复数;这类词有:

the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb等

就近一致

1. There be 句型

Be 可以由exist/ stand/ lie/ seem 代替 There has been a book There have been books.

2. 用连词 or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also 等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致.

Not only the students but also Miss Wang likes English.

教师寄语：Practice makes perfect.

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Neither the students nor Miss Wang likes English. Either the students or Miss Wang likes English.

三、课后练习

1.Three ______ died in the terrible fire in Luoyang last winter. A. hundreds people B. hundred people C. hundreds peoples D. hundred peoples

2. Either you or the president _______ the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting. A. is handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand out

3. I, who ______ your close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble. A. am B. is C. are D. be

4. The Olympic Games in the year 2008 ______ in Beijing of China, which ______ known to us all. A. is to hold; is B. is to be held; was C. are to hold; is D. are to be held; is

5. There _____ a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep _____ up. A. were; it B. are; them C. was; it D. is; them

6. Three million tons of coal ______ every year in the city. A. is exploited B. are exploited C. had exploited D. have exploited

7. Stories of the Long March _______ popular with the young people now. A. is B. was C. are D. were

8. Mathematics _______ the language of science. A. are B. are going to be C. is D. is to be

9. Both rice and wheat _____ grown in our country. A. is B. are C. was D. were

10. ________ either of your parents come to see you recently? A. Have B. Had C. Has D. Is

11. What the children in the mountain village need ________ good books. A. is B. are C. have D. has 12. The whole family _______ TV attentively. A. are watching B. is watching C. is seeing D. are seeing

13. Nothing but several glasses ________ bought by my father the day before yesterday. A. was B. were C. have been D. would be

14. At the bus stop ______ a soldier and two young people on their way to the village. A. were B. was C. is D. sits

15. If law and order ______, neither the citizen nor his family is safe. A. are not preserved B. is not preserved C. were preserved D. have not been preserved

教师寄语：Practice makes perfect.

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