主谓一致

专题八 主谓一致

主谓一致，即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致。 主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。

一. 语法一致原则

即在语法形式上取得一致，谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。

1. 单数名词、不可数名词、单个动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及句子作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

To see is to believe. 眼见为实。

Reading aloud is very important in learning English. 学习英语时大声朗读非常重要。

When they could finish the task is not known yet. 他们何时能完成任务还未知。

Whoever wants to join in the competition is asked to sign his/her name here. 要参加比赛的人请在这里签名。

注意：what引导的主语从句充当主语时，有时要以what所指代的词的意义来决定谓语动词的数。

What he said is true. 他所说的是真的。

What we need are more volunteers. 我们所需要的是更多的志愿者。

2. 由连接词and或both … and连接的名词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及句子作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。

What he said and what he did have greatly encouraged the other students. 他说的话及行为极大地鼓舞了其他学生。

Both his father and his mother are advanced workers. 他的爸爸和妈妈都是先进工作者。

注意：有时，一些用and连接的主语表达的却是单数的概念，这时谓语动词也应用单数形式。

（1）用and连接的名词表示同一人、同一物或同一概念作主语时

Bread and butter is nutritious for patients. 黄油面包对病人很有营养。

Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起使人健康、富有和聪明。

The secretary and manager was speaking at the meeting. 那位书记兼经理在会上讲话。

（2）“each/every/no/ many a + 单数名词+ and + each/every/no/many a + 单数名词”作主语时

Every hour and every minute is precious. 每一小时，每一分钟，都很宝贵。

No man and no woman is not allowed to enter the hall. 每个人都不允许进入大厅。

3. “名词+as well as, rather than, like, but, expect, besides, with, together with, along with, including, in addition to+ 名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词同第一个名词的数保持一致。

Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party. 汤姆以及他的两个朋友一起被邀请参加宴会了。

Nobody but one teacher and three students was in the lab. 实验室只有一个老师和三个学生。

4. “more than one 或many a + 单数名词”作主语时，尽管其意义为复数，但谓语动词还是用单数形式。

More than one student is against the decision.

不止一个学生反对这个决定。

Many a page in this book is missing. 这本书缺了许多页。

5. 不定代词either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every与thing, body, one构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

Nothing in the world moves faster than light. 世上没有什么东西比光传播得更快。

Each one of us has his own duty. 我们每个人都有自己的职责。

注意：若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数形式；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数形式或复数形式都可以。

None of the money has been spent on repairs. 这笔钱没有花费在维修方面。

None of the passengers were/was aware of the danger. 乘客中没有一个意识到危险的存在。

6. 由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。