雅思阅读“奇葩”题型应对策略

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雅思阅读“奇葩”题型应对策略

在进行学术型文章写作时，罗列观点式的并列型写作结构是常用的段落展开手法。因此，在 雅思 学术型阅读文章中，这种结构也屡见不鲜。所谓“并列型结构”，指的是按照某种分类特征罗列要点的叙述结构，最简单的便是First… Second… Third… Finally的叙述逻辑。而在雅思文章中，这种结构的开端位置通常也具有十分鲜明的特征，文章通常会首先总述一下所罗列要点的数量，即出现“数字+分类特征词”的典型表述。如剑7 Test 3 Passage 3的第四个段落：首句出现“six detailed resolutions”的描述，因此可以迅速断定该段落为并列型结构，并依此将段落中六个并列层次找出。该篇文章后第34-39题的匹配题目中，题干即为Resolution 1 – 6，因此可以根据之前的分析，迅速定位到第四段的六个并列层次位置并进而完成解题。

除了帮助更快速的定位和解答普通题型，在阅读时把握好并列型结构也可以帮助同学们轻松搞定一些非常规的“奇葩”题型。下面我们来举个例子。

剑4 Test 1 Passage 1 文后的9-13题：

Questions 9 – 13

The box below gives a list of responses A-P to the questionnaire discussed in Reading Passage 1.

Answer the following questions by choosing the correct responses A-P.

Write your answers in boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet.

9. What was the children’s most frequent response when asked where the rainforests were?

10. What was the most common response to the question about the importance of the rainforests?

11. What did most children give as the reason for the loss of rainforests?

12. Why did most children think it important for the rainforest to be protected?

13. Which of the response is cited as unexpectedly uncommon, given the amount of time spent on the issue by the newspapers and television?

A There is a complicated combination of reasons for the loss of the rainforests.

B The rainforests are being destroyed by the same things that are destroying

the forests of Western Europe.

C Rainforests are located near the Equator.

D Brazil is home to the rainforests.

E Without rainforests some animals would have nowhere to live.

F Rainforests are important habitats for a lot of plants.

G People are responsible for the loss of the rainforest.

H The rainforests are a source of oxygen.

I Rainforests are of consequence for a number of different reasons.

J As the rainforests are destroyed, the world gets warmer.

K Without rainforests there would not be enough oxygen in the air.

L There are people for whom the rainforests are home.

M Rainforests are found in Africa.

N Rainforests are not really important to human life.

O The destruction of the rainforests is the direct result of logging activity.

P Humans depend on the rainforests for their continuing existence.

该题目题干为简答题形式，但题后给出了备选项，又看似匹配题题型。但若要将其作为匹配题解答，会陷入一个两难境地：用题干定位则信息太长，用选项定位则信息过多。这个题目让很多同学感觉无从下手。

我们换个角度来考虑：题干形式是五个问题，根据题目描述可知原文有提及一份调查问卷(a questionnaire)，那么我们不妨回原文先定位一下questionnaire这个词。查找后发现，questionnaire一词出现在文章第四段落的第二句话中：Secondary school children were asked to complete a questionnaire containing five open-form questions. 而本句中的“five open-form questions”很明显将在文中引起一个并列型结构，且数字5恰巧对应题干问题的数量。这种吻合显然不会单纯是个巧合，这里就是该题目出题位置。

因此，接下来，我们迅速在文中找出这个并列型结构的层次位置：

First question位于第四段落第三句话：The most frequent responses to the first question were descriptions which are self-evident from the term ‘rainforest’.