福师1108考试批次《高级英语阅读二》复习题及参考答案

奥鹏远程教育中心助学服务部 http://www.open.com.cn

For now, the subject of their research is little more than a stack of gleaming chips tucked away in a laboratory drawer. But soon, such a tool could be hanging from the belts of police, arson (纵火) investigators and food-safety inspectors.

The technology that they are working on would suggest quite reasonably that, within three to five years, we'll have some workable sensors ready to use. Such devices might find wide use in places that attract terrorists. Police could detect drugs, bodies and bombs hidden in cars, while food inspectors could easily test food and water for contamination.

The implications for revolutionary advances in public safety and the food industry are astonishing. But so, too, are the possibilities for abuse: Such machines could determine whether a woman is ovulating (排卵), without a physical exam - or even her knowledge.

One of the traditional protectors of American liberty is that it has been impossible to search everyone. That’s getting not to be the case.

Artificial biosensors created at Auburn work totally differently from anything ever seen before. AromaScan, for example, is a desktop machine based on a bank of chips sensitive to specific chemicals that evaporate into the air. As air is sucked into the machine, chemicals pass over the sensor surfaces and produce changes in the electrical current flowing through them. Those current changes are logged into a computer that sorts out odors based on their electrical signatures.

Myers says they expect to load a single fingernail-size chip with thousands of odor receptors (感受器), enough to create a sensor that's nearly as sensitive as a dog's nose.

16. Which of the following is within the capacity of the artificial nose being developed?

A. Performing physical examinations. B. Locating places which attract terrorists. C. Detecting drugs and water contamination. D. Monitoring food processing.

17. A potential problem which might be caused by the use of an artificial nose is .

A. negligence of public safety B. an abuse of personal freedom C. a hazard to physical health D. a threat to individual privacy

18. The word \ \ A. preset

B. entered

C. processed

D. simulated

心系天下求学人 Page 5 of 31 专业 专注 周到 细致

奥鹏远程教育中心助学服务部 http://www.open.com.cn

19. To produce artificial noses for practical use, it is essential . A. to develop microchips with thousands of odor receptors B. to invent chips sensitive to various chemicals C. to design a computer program to sort out smells

D. to find chemicals that can alter the electrical current passing through 20. The author’s attitude towards Larry Myers' work is .

A. cautious

参考答案： CDBAB

B. approving

C. suspicious

D. overenthusiastic

Passage 3 We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist (免疫学家) Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not. The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system.

Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don't develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists' suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression.

One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned (使形成条件反射) mice to avoid saccharin（糖精）by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the

心系天下求学人 Page 6 of 31 专业 专注 周到 细致

奥鹏远程教育中心助学服务部 http://www.open.com.cn

sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader re-exposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them.

21. Laudenslager’s experiment showed that the immune system of those rats who could turn off the electricity .

A. was strengthened C. was altered

B. was not affected D. was weakened

22. According to the passage, the experience of helplessness causes rats to . A. try to control unpleasant stimuli

B. turn off the electricity

C. behave passively in controllable situations D. become abnormally suspicious 23. The reason why the mice in Ader's experiment avoided saccharin was that . A. they disliked its taste C. it led to stomach pains

B. it affected their immune systems D. they associated it with stomachaches

24. The passage tells us that the most probable reason for the death of the mice in Ader's experiment was that .

A. they had been weakened psychologically by the saccharin B. the sweetener was poisonous to them

C. their immune systems had been altered by the mind

D. they had taken too much sweetener during earlier conditioning

25. It can be concluded from the passage that the immune systems of animals . A. can be weakened by conditioning

B. can be suppressed by drug injections C. can be affected by frequent doses of saccharin D. can be altered by electric shocks

参考答案：BCDCA

心系天下求学人 Page 7 of 31 专业 专注 周到 细致

奥鹏远程教育中心助学服务部 http://www.open.com.cn

Passage 4 British universities, groaning under the burden of a huge increase in student numbers, are warning that the tradition of a free education is at risk. The universities have threatened to impose an admission fee on students to plug a gap in revenue if the government does not act to improve their finances and scrap some public spending cutbacks.

The government responded to the universities’ threat by setting up the most fundamental review of

higher education for a generation, under a non-party troubleshooter (调停人), Sir Ron Dearing.

One in three school-leavers enters higher education, five times the number when the last review

took place thirty years ago.

Everyone agrees a system that is feeling the strain after rapid expansion needs a lot more

money-but there is little hope of getting it from the taxpayer and not much scope for attracting more finance from business.

Most colleges believe students should contribute to tuition costs, something that is common

elsewhere in the world but would mark a revolutionary change in Britain. Universities want the government to introduce a loan scheme for tuition fees and have suspended their own threatened action for now. They await Dearing’s advice, hoping it will not be too late – some are already reported to be in financial difficulty.

As the century nears its end, the whole concept of what a university should be is under the

microscope. Experts ponder how much they can use computers instead of classrooms, talk of the need for lifelong leaning and refer to students as “consumers.

The Confederation (联盟) of British Industry, the key employers’ organization, wants even more expansion in higher education to help fight competition on world markets from booming Asian economies. But the government has doubts about more expansion. The Times newspaper agrees, complaining that quality has suffered as student numbers soared, with close tutorial supervision giving way to “mass production methods more typical of European universities.” 26. The chief concern of British universities is _______. a. how to tackle their present financial difficulty

b. how to expand the enrollment to meet the needs of enterprises c. how to improve their educational technology

d. how to put an end to the current tendency of quality deterioration

心系天下求学人 Page 8 of 31 专业 专注 周到 细致