(A3)新标准讲义 Unit 6, Book 3

讲义 Unit 6 Streets full of heroes

Active reading (1) Last man down: the fireman’s story 最后撤出的人：消防员的故事

Para. 1

1. come from/out of nowhere: 出乎意料地发生；一下子就出现

Para. 2

2. sweat like pigs: 流很多汗；出大汗

3. turnout coats: the uniform firefighters wear when they turn out for (从事) a fire ■4. quite a few: quite a number of, many 许多

5. be raring to go: be eager to go like a horse 急于做某事；渴望做某事 6. take a beat: rest for a moment

7. catch/take your bearings: find where you are 找出自己的方位 ■8. figure out: 弄清楚，弄明白

9. the hell: on earth 究竟；用于加强语气

10. be at this thing: a slang expression which means to work on this mission 11. nowhere close to done: someone is far from completing their work 12. make a dent: 取得初步进展

Para. 3

13. Dead solid still.: We all stood still completely. 14. For what: Wait for what

15. to a man: without any exception 全体；毫无例外地 ■16. even though: conj. even if 即使 17. all over the place: 凌乱；七零八落 18. a thrill ride: 过山车

19. go berserk: go utterly and dangerously crazy 变得疯狂 ■20. it was … that …: 强调句；此处强调主语the rumble 21. course: v. run or flow somewhere quickly 飞奔；急速流动 ■22. herd: n. 兽群；牧群

归类： 一群大象/牛/水牛，野牛 a herd of elephants, cattle, buffalo

一群鱼 a school of fish 一群鸟/顾客/羊 a flock of birds/customers/sheep 一群蚊子/蝴蝶 a swarm of mosquitoes/butterflies

■23. be stuck in: be caught in 陷入

Para. 4

24. pick up on sth.: learn sth. and start using sth. 注意到(不明显的东西)；俚语 25. down the road: 将来；今后

■26. make it through sth.: 从(疾病或事故)中活下来

Para. 5

27. some fix: a way of understanding 理解，明白；俚语

28. steel oneself against sth.: prepare oneself to do something unpleasant 使自己坚强起来(去面对不愉快之事)

■29. act on: ①按照?行事；②对?起作用 ■30. in truth: in effect, in fact 实际上，事实上

Para. 6

31. A battalion commander for the New York Fire Department, he was on the scene of the disaster.

背景简介： The Fire Department is divided up into battalions (中队，多达200人) of up to 200 consisting of a number of companies (分队，约30人) of about 30 firefighters.

■32. extinguish: v. put out 扑灭；熄灭

同族：extinct: a. 熄灭的；灭绝的 fire extinguisher: n. 灭火器

Para. 7

■33. out of action: 运转失常，无法使用

反义：in action: 在起作用；在运转中；在积极活动中 ■34. come across: come upon, meet with 偶遇

35. come around: come to one’s life, come to oneself, come to 恢复知觉；苏醒

Para. 8

■36. toll: n. ①总伤亡人数；②通行费，服务费；③丧钟声

考点：take a/its toll on: 对?造成损失 pay a toll: 支付通行费；付出代价

Para. 9

37. chaotic: a. 混乱的；杂乱的；紊乱的

同族：chaos: n. 混乱；杂乱

■考点：(be) in chaos: 陷入混乱中

38. utmost: a. 最大的，极度的‖n. 极限

■考点：do/try one’s utmost: do/try one’s best 竭尽全力 39. gratitude: n. 感激；谢意

同族：grateful: a. 感激的

■考点：be grateful for sb./sth.: 感激某人/某事物

40. tribute: n. (to) (表示敬意的)礼物，行为

■同根：contribute to: 促进；有助于 attribute to: 归因于；归咎于 41. leadership: n. 领导才能 后缀-ship为shape“形状”简写

归类： leadership: 长得像领导的人才能当领导

scholarship: 长得像学者的人才配得上奖学金

friendship: 长得像朋友的人才会跟你有真正的友谊

Key to Exercises in Active reading (1)

Reading and understanding

3 Choose the best summary of the extract. 2

4 Answer the questions.

1. He was on the 35th floor of the north tower of the World Trade Center. 2. About two dozen firefighters.

3. They were resting and trying to work out what was going on. 4. Nearly an hour. 5. They stood still. 6. It was falling down.

7. He started thinking about his family, job and the bagels in the kitchen. 8. To him, it seems things were happening slowly while in truth they weren’t. 9. He climbed through the rubble and led his men to safety. 10. Altogether 343 firefighters.

11. He wrote it as a tribute to his colleagues. Dealing with unfamiliar words

5 Match the words in the box with their definitions. 1. extinguish 2. toll 3. nightmare 4. tragedy 5. utmost 6. heroism 7. chaotic

6 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 5. (1) chaotic (2) extinguish (3) tragedy (4) nightmare (5) toll (6) utmost (7) heroism

7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. 1. decent 2. gratitude 3. herd 4. massive 5. evacuate 6. leadership

8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.

1. b 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. a

6. b 7. b 8. b 9. a

Active reading (2)

Eleanor Roosevelt: First Lady of the World

Para. 1

■1. it is … that…为强调句，此处强调时间状语during this week in 1948。 2. column: n. ①专栏；②纵队；③圆柱；详见练习P93，5。

Para. 2

3. with a big heart: 有仁慈之心；宽宏大量 ■4. at a time: 此处time意为“时代”，受到dominated by men的限定。

5. be for a woman’s right to vote: be in favor of the idea that women have the right to vote

解析：be for意为“支持”(be against意为“反对”)；to vote为不定式作the right的后置定语。

6. so too did: 此处的did指代上文出现的grew。 7. come into one’s own: 被人认识；获得应有的名誉

Para. 3

8. correspondent: n. ①通讯记者；②通信者

同族：correspondence n. 往来信件 correspond: v. 回应

■9. count on: look to, depend on, lean on, rely on, rest on 指望，依赖，依靠 10. New Deal projects: 罗斯福新政

■11. to an extent: to a degree, in a way 从某种意义上，在某种程度上

12. “I felt certain that somewhere along the line she would stub her toe,” said Perkins, thinking of Washington’s fishbowl atmosphere.

解析：The sentence means Perkins was sure sooner or later she would get into trouble and be criticized. Fishbowl是透明的，即指“一举一动都在别人的注视之下”。

stub one’s toe: do damage to oneself or get hurt 受挫，自损

In a fishbowl atmosphere, everyone can see what is happening in the fishbowl. 13. lay to: owe to, attribute to归因于；归功于；此处引申为how can one explain it 14. unconscious: a. ①无意识的，不自觉的；②不知道的

反义：conscious: a. 有意识的；知道的 ■be unconscious of/that: 不知道 ■be conscious of/that: 知道

■15. attribute to: lay to, owe to 归功于；归咎于 16. win over: 说服；把?争取过来

17. all the while: all the time 始终，一直 18. let down: 使略逊一筹；使美中不足 ■19. keep on doing: 坚持做?

20. ascribe to her the marvelous fact that a crippled man…:

■ascribe sth. to sb.: lay to, attribute to, owe to 归因于；归功于；此处因直接宾语过长，故将to her提前

cripple: v. ①使残疾；使跛脚；②使受损害‖n. 跛子；有残疾的人 谚语：He that lives with cripples learns to hop. 近朱者赤，近墨者黑。 21. ride the storm: 度过难关

■22. owe to: lay to, ascribe to, attribute to 归功于；归因于

Para. 4

23. heroic though it was: heroic as it was, although it was heroic 详见练习P92，4。 24. lobby: v. 游说‖n. 大厅 ■25. serve as: 担任，充当 ■26. delegate to: ?的代表

27. “Most people who have played second violin all their lives never have an

Unit 6, Book 3

opportunity to play first violin,” remarked Perkins.

解析：People who play second violin are those who do not lead or give solos and who are always of lesser importance. To play first violin means to be the leader (一把手) and take the initiative. The second violin指“副手”。

Para. 5

28. UN General Assembly: 联合国大会

■归类：assembly line: 流水作业线；装配线

■29. look to: count on, depend on, rely on, rest on 指望，依赖，依靠 30. passage: n. 批准，通过 ■31. for fear of: 以免，唯恐 32. label as: 称为，叫做

Para. 6

33. resign: v. ①辞职= quit；②顺从

■考点：resign oneself to (doing) sth./sb.: 听任，顺从；顺从某人

34. On a trip to India ... introduced to the Indian Parliament by Pandit Nehru as “a representative of resurgent humanity”.

resurgent humanity: recovering from the horrors of the first half of the 20th century

a representative of resurgent humanity: an example of the most admirable and progressive type of person

35. be incapable of doing sth.: 无能力做某事

■反义：be capable of doing sth.: 有能力做某事

36. on a par with: 与?水平相当；与?质量相同；与?持平 37. set the pace: 定速度；此处引申为“领先”。

Para. 7

■38. appoint: v. ①任命，委任；②约定，指定

同族：appointment: n. ①约会；指定；②任命，委任

Para. 8

39. induce: v. ①促使；②引起；③引诱

Key to Exercises in Active reading (2)

Reading and understanding

2 Choose the best way to complete the sentences. 1. c 2. c 3. a 4. c 5. c 6. b Dealing with unfamiliar words

3 Match the words in the box with their definitions. 1. delegate 2. ascribe 3. correspondent 4. genius 5. dominate 6. unconscious 7. oversee

4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3. (1) genius (2) delegates (3) oversee (4) dominate (5) correspondent (6) ascribed (7) unconscious

5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. 1. crippled 2. summit 3. column 4. marvelous 5. lobby 6. slums

6 Answer the questions about the words and expressions. 1. a 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. b 6. a 7. a 8. a 9. a

Language in use

word formation gender-inclusive language

1. Someone whose job is to fight fires. 2. The person is male. 3. Both.

2 Replace the underlined words with gender-inclusive language. 1. headteacher 2. heroes 3. police officers 4. firefighters 5. salespersons Why is it that …

3 Rewrite the sentences using Why is it that ...

1. Why is it that we haven’t been able to solve the problem of slums in this town? 2. Why is it that in this part of the world we are not able to organize fair elections? 3. Why is it that in this hotel they never employ qualified people?

4. Why is it that in this country the system of welfare is still not working properly? 5. Why is it that you always find such an easy answer to all the questions I ask? adj. + though it + be

4 Rewrite the sentences using adj. + though it + be.

1. My time in the United States, short though it was, was interesting.

2. The scenes of destruction, terrible though they were, were not surprising. 3. The rescue operation, costly though it was, was successful.

4. The lesson he gave, interesting though it was, was soon forgotten. 5. Mother Teresa, old though she may have been, was extremely active.

6. His actions, unconscious though they may have been, have had very serious consequences. collocations

5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of suitable expressions from the collocation box. Sometimes more than one collocation is possible. 1. massive heart attack. 2. column of smoke 3. daily newspaper 4. take a toll on 5. death toll 6. newspaper columns 7. pay a toll 8. stroke of genius 9. has a genius for 10. massive amount 6 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.

1．(这段话由许多短句构成，要注意短句间语气的连接。像at big fires，all our lives等词语应该调整语序。)

我想起我们消防员平常总互相打趣说：“在大火中见吧。”或者是“我们肯定会在大火中碰面的。”我不知道这种说法是怎么来的，或者我自己是从什么时候开始说起这种话来的，但这就是我们的暗语。意思是不管这场火有多大，以后在别处还会有比这更大的。我们能安然无恙地度过这场火，也会安然无恙地度过下一场火。遇到一场大火时，我总是这么说，也总听别人这么说，可现在，我呆在这儿，想着自己再也不会说这样的话了，也不会再听到别人这么说了，因为再也不会有比这更大的火了。这会是我们大家一辈子都在说的那场大火，如果以前——就在这一个个令人胆战心惊的瞬间之前——我没有认识到这一点的话，现在这浑厚的、不祥的响声印证了这一点。

2． 作为联合国人权委员会的首任主席，罗斯福监督了《世界人权宣言》历时两年的起草和通过的全过程。此外, 她和苏联代表的交锋让一位共和党人从椅子上朝前探过身来，说出了下面一番话——因为怕被当成是民主党的支持者，他不愿意透露自己的姓名——“如果你想知道我对罗斯福夫人的看法，那我会说她真是了不起! 罗斯福夫人有一种独特的能力，能让其他国家的代表清楚地了解我们的立场。要用平常的语言来评价她高超的外交手腕，一时间还真不知道该怎么说。”

7 Translate the paragraphs into English.

1. 人们很不理解为什么他一份工作干了30年，大多数人到

了他这个年纪至少已经换了四五份工作了。也许对他来说，为了获得更高的薪水或是寻求体验新事物的刺激而换工作毫无意义。在他看来，唯一重要的事是稳定。(stick with; point; thrill)

People are quite puzzled about the fact that he has stuck with the same job for 30 years when most people of his age have changed at least four or five jobs. Maybe for him there is no point in changing jobs for a higher pay or for the thrill of experiencing something new. The only thing that matters, in his point of view, is stability.

2. 协会中的大多数会员认为应该竭力游说政府，确保这项计划获得批准。至关重要的是要把决策者中的一些反对者争取过来。虽然这会很难，但是他们下定决心要作最大的努力。 (lobby; win over; adj. + though it + be; utmost) Most members of the association believe that they need to lobby as hard as possible to make sure that the plan will be approved by the government. It’s essential to win over some of the naysayers among the policy makers. Tough though it will be, they have made up their mind to make utmost efforts.

Unit 6, Book 3