2013年高考英语科语法知识--专题02名词和主谓一致

则 Those who want to go please write their names on the blackboard. 在定语从句里，关系代词that, who, which 等作主语时，其He is one of my friends who are working hard. 谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。 He is the (only) one of my friends who is working hard. 在强调句型中应与被强调部分一致 It is I who am going to the cinema tonight. It is we who are going to the cinema tonight. The police are looking for the lost child. The cattle are eating grass in the field. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数形式； His family has moved to the south .(他的一家) 如果它指的集体的成员，其谓语动词用复数形式 His family are watching TV.（他的家人） Class four is on the third floor.（四班） Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.（四班的学生） There are a lot of people in the classroom. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea. 由a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap of/ heaps of/ the rest of/the 50 percent of the students in our class are girls. majority of+名词构成的短语以及由分数或百分数+名词构此外，还有a number of +复数名词有类似的用法（用复数），但成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词the number of +复数名词的数就得依number 而定（用单数）。 A number of students have gone to the farm to help the farmer pick 的数而定。 apples. The number of pages in this book is three hundred. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致 逻 辑 There comes the bus. On the wall are many pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts. Between the two hills stands a monument. Which is your bag? Which are your bags? What, who, which, any, more, all 等代词可以是单数，也可是Are any of you good at English? Has any of you got a pen? All can be done has been done. All is going well. 复数， 主要靠意思来决定。 All have been taken out. All have gone to Beijing. 意 义 一 致 原 则 Thirty minutes is enough for the work.. 表示时间重量长度价值等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词Twenty pounds is too dear. 通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整如强调这类词的复数意义，则谓语动词要用复数形式 体。 Forty kilos of water are used every day. 若英语是书名名格言剧名报名国名等的复数形式，其谓语动The United States is smaller than China. “The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book. 词通常用单数形式。 表数量的短语“one and a half”后面接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 One and a half apples is left on the table. 一些学科名词是以-ics结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works 等。都属于形式上是复数的名词， The paper works was built in 1990.这家造纸厂建于1990年。 I don’t think physics is easy to study. 实际意义为单数名词， 它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, scissors (剪刀)等词作主语My glasses are broken. 时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a(the) pair of 等量词The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 修饰时（clothes被a suit of 修饰）谓语动词用单数。 “定冠词the+形容词或分词”，表示某一类人动词用复数；若表示某一类东西时，动词用单数。 The old are taken good care of there. The beautiful gives pleasure to all. 就 近 /远 一 致 原 则 Either the teacher or the students are our friends. 当两个主语由either or, neither nor, not only but also ,whether Neither he nor they are wholly right. or 连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语保持一致,即就近一致。 Neither they nor he is wholly right. Is neither he nor they wholly right? there be 句型中be 动词的单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and 连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致，即就近一致。 There are two chairs and a desk in the room. There is a desk and two chairs in the room. Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. 主语后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, A woman with a baby was on the bus. no less than, rather than, more than, besides, along with, Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. including, in addition to 等引起的短语， 谓语动词要跟主语She, like you and Tom, is very tall. The girls as well as the boy have learned to speak Japanese. 一致，即就远一致。 No one except my teachers knows anything about it.