宾语从句（一）

宾语从句 宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。 结构：主语+谓语+宾语（陈述句语序） 根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。 1．that引导的宾语从句 (1)that在宾语从旬中只起连接作用，并不作句子成分，其本身也没有实际意义，在口语或非正式文体中常常省略。如： She told me(that) she could finish it herself． 她跟我说她可以自己完成。 (2)that引导的宾语从句，其主句的谓语动词多为know，think，believe，hope，mean；也可用于主句形容词之后，如：Certain，sure，glad，afraid，sorry等。如： He thinks that he can go swimming tomorrow． 他认为他明天能去游泳。 I am glad that you can come for dinner. 我很高兴你能来吃晚饭。 2．if或whether引导的宾语从句 (1)if或whether可引导宾语从句，此时从句部分的语义相当于一个一般疑问句。如： I want to know if／whether he is our new teacher, 我想知道他是不是我们的新老师。 (2)连词if和whether意为“是否”，在从句中不充当句子成分，在口语中多用if如： Tom wonders if／whether his grandpa will come next week． 汤姆想知道他的爷爷是否下周过来。 I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him. 一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether ①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn't been decided. ②在介词前：It depends on（依靠） whether it is going to rain. ③与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not. 语法点：由if或whether引导的宾语从句 词汇：if, whether, ask, wonder, know, … 句型：…asks/asked/wonders/wondered/wants to know/wanted to know if/whether… 3. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。 这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如： Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe? He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I don’t know why the train is late. 1

一、当连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which和连接副词、when，where，why，how引导宾语从句时．这些连接代词釉连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分，不可以省略。如： Do youu know who／whom they are waiting for?你知道他们在等谁吗? 1 can’t understand why he did such a stupid thing． 我不明白他为什么做了那样一件傻事。 Your T—shirt is so cool．Could you tell me where you bought it? 你的T恤很酷，你能告诉我是在哪里买的吗? 二、有连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句含有疑问语气，但要用陈述句语序．即主语在前、谓语在后的语序。如： I want to know how much this coat Costs． 我想知道这件上衣花了多少钱。 三、如果主句为一般现在时．从句的谓语动词可根据需要使用任何一种时态；如果从句内容为客观事实、谚语、格言等则不受主句影响。如： Could you tell me when you will come again? 你能告诉我你什么时候会再来吗? I don’t know if he arrived yesterday． 我不知道他昨天是否到了。 Our teacher told US that light travels much faster than sound． 我们老师对我们说光比声音传播要快得多。 四、当what、who等特殊疑问代词在特殊疑问句中充当主语时，特殊疑问词本身就是陈述句语序．这样的句子用来作宾语时。语序不需要调整。如： We want to know what has happened to him． 我们想知道他发生了什么事。 Do you want to know who helped me solve my Maths problem yesterday? 你想知道昨天谁帮我解决了数学难题吗? 宾语从句的简化 （1）当主句的谓语动词是hope, decide, wish, agree等时，其后接宾语从句，并且从句主语与主句主语一致时，可以简化成动词不定式结构。 eg.Wei Hua hopes that she will be back soon. →Wei Hua hopes to be back soon. 魏华希望尽快回家。 （2）当 know, learn, remember, forget 等动词后接宾语从句，并且从句主语与主句主语一致时，可以简化成“疑问词＋不定式”结构。 eg.I don't know what I should say. →I don't know what to say. 我不知道该说些什么。 （3）当 tell, learn, show, teach 等动词后接宾语从句，并且从句主语与主句的间接宾语一致时，可以简化成“疑问词＋不定式”结构。 2

eg. Could you tell me how I can get there？（句子中的me和I指的是同一个人） →Could you tell me how to get there? 你能告诉我怎样去那儿吗？ 课后拓展训练

学生姓名： 戴坤鹏 授课教师： 秦老师 学管师： 王老师 科目： 英语 上课时间： 2017 年 4 月 8 日 15 时— 17 时 错题比例： / 一、 单项选择 （ ）1. Do you know _______ during the coming summer holiday? A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did 3

（ ）2. I want to know_________. A. what is his name B. what’s his name C. that his name is D. what his name is （ ）3. Do you know ________ I could pass the exam? A. that B. whether C. what D. which （ ）4. Jim doesn’t understand ____________. A. which is the way to the museum B. why his wife always goes shopping C. what is the way to the museum D. why does she always go shopping （ ）5. ---Could you tell me ______ she is looking for? A. that B. whose C. who D. which ( ) 6. What did Mike say? He said ____________________. A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was it C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring ( ) 7. Tom asked my friend ________________. A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moon C. when did he come back D. not to be so angry ( ) 8. Let me tell you __________________. A. how much is the car B. how much does the car cost C. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car ( ) 9. Peter knew _______________. A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questions C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris ( )10. Could you tell me ___________? A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in （ ）11. —Excuse me, could you tell me _____? —There’s a bank on the second floor. You can make it there. A. how I can get to the bank B. when the bank will be open C. where I can change money （ ）12.—Do you know for Japan? —Yes, he'll leave next Monday. A. when will Bruce leave B. when Bruce will leave C. how Bruce will leave （ ）13.----Excuse me , Miss Chen, could you tell me _______ ? ----It is short for the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Road. A.what the Belt and Road meant B.what does the Belt and Road mean C.what the Belt and Road means （ ）14.--I wonder _______. 4