主谓一致的用法

主谓一致

定义：谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。 主谓一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 1. 语法一致的原则

1)并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数，这时 and 后面的名词前没有冠词。 The girl's teacher and friend is a young doctor. 2) 成对的名词，如 bread and butter 涂黄油的面包，soda and water 汽水，coffee and milk 加

牛奶的咖啡，salt and water 盐开水等，虽然有 and 连接，但仍表单一概念，作主语时，

谓语用单数。A knife and fork is on the table .

3) and 连接的并列单数主语的前面分别有 each , every 或 no 修饰时，其谓语用单数形式。

No student and no teacher is invited to the party .

4)由each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数： Somebody is using the phone.

5)主语是单数，其后跟有 together with , along with(与……一道)，as well as (和；也)，no less

than(和……一样)，rather than(而不)，以及 with , not , like , but , except , besides , including

等引起的短语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 He as well as his sister is a League member .

6)主语是一些只有复数形式的名词，如 clothes , trousers , glasses , compasses , scissors , shoes , socks , gloves 等时，谓语用复数。但这类表示成双的东西的名词前有 a pair of 修饰时，谓语用单数。My jeans are blue. This pair of jeans is blue.

7) means , sheep, deer 等单复数同形应视具体情况而定。 There's a sheep on the hill. There are many sheep on the hill.

8)主语是“each of … ”，“neither of … ”，“either of … ”，“one of … ”等时，其谓语用单数。

Each of them has his own duty . 2. 意义一致的原则

1) 由 many a 或 more than + 单数名词作主语时，其谓语用单数形式。 Many a foreigner has been to the Great Wall . More than one student has visited the exhibition .

2) “……的几分之几”和“……的百分之几”作主语时，其谓语用单数或复数取决于 of 后的名词。Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea . 40 percent of the students in our class are girls .

3) “a number of + 名词复数”作主语，谓语用复数；a number of =many 许多 “the number of + 名词复数”作主语，谓语用单数。The number of \的数量\

A number of pupils like reading picture-books . The number of the students in our class is 55 .

4) 在定语从句中主语是关系代词who , that , which , 谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。

He is one of the best teachers who ________(work) at our school. 5) 表示度量、价格、时间的复数名词词组作主语时一般被看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。

Three months ______________(pass) since he left .

6) 主语是用作书名、剧名、报纸名、国名等的复数名词，谓语一般用单数形式。

The United States is a developed country .

7) 主语是 family , team , group , crowd , class , enemy, committee 等集体名词时,如果作为

一个整体看待,谓语用单数形式，如指的里面得成员时，谓语用复数。 My family_______(be) a big one. His family ___________(be) all music lovers .

8)“one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”之前有 the (only) , the very 等限定词和修饰语时，定

语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。

She is the only one of these women who _________(play) the violin .

She is one of these women who __________(play) the violin.

9) 主语是疑问代词 who , what , which , 不定代词 all , more , most , any , none等以及名词

half , part , the rest等既可表示复数意义又可表示单数意义，其谓语视情况而定。

Half of the visitors _________(be) from Europe . Half of the fruit __________(be) bad .

10)the + 形容词或分词作主语时指一类人。其谓语用复数。如：

The rich are not always happy . The injured were taken to hospital immediately.

11)people 作“人们，人民”解时，谓语动词用复数，作“民族”解时，有单复数之分。

The Chinese people ______(be) a great one. There ____(be) 56 ________(people) in China . 12) 动名词或动词不定式作主语，其谓语用单数形式。

When and where to build the new factory is not decided yet . Playing badminton is my great interest.

13) police , cattle, people 等集合名词作主语时，谓语用复数。 The murderer has run away . The police are searching for him .

14)算式中表示数目的主语通常看作单数，其谓语常用单数形式，也可用复数。 Five times four is twenty . 5 multiplied by 6 is 30.

3、邻近一致的原则

1）由 not only …but also , neither…nor, either… or , not …but 以及 or 连接的并列主语，谓语动词要与最靠近的主语在数上保持一致。 Not only your father’s friends but also your father likes smoking .

2）在倒装句中以及在 There be … 结构中，如主语是并列的，谓语动词往往和其后面的第一个主语取得数上的一致。

There is a pen , two pencils and five books on the desk . On the wall hang two large maps.

3）here开头的句子，其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。 Here is a letter and some books for you.

主谓一致练习

( ) 1. Not all the children _____ going to the park．

A．1ikes B．1ike C．doesn't like D．don't like ( ) 2. Everyone in the school _____ English well．

A．speaks B．speak C．have spoken D. speak in ( ) 3. Not only the children but also their father _____ in town．

A．is B．were C．are D．have been ( ) 4. Either he or I _____wrong．

A．am B．does C. are D．makes ( ) 5. The old _____ well _____ here very well． A．are；looked B．is：looked after C．are；looked after D．is；looked ( ) 6. Each boy and each gir1 _____ to help．

A．asks B．ask C. is asked D．are asked ( ) 7. _____ of them _____ Young Pioneers． A．Two-fives；is B．Two-fifths；are C．Second-fifth；are D．Two-five；are ( ) 8. Neither Jim nor his parents _____ in America．

A．lives B．1iving C．to live D．1ive ( ) 9. _____ was beginning to laugh. A．All class B．The whole class C．All the classes D．The all class ( ) 10. How many students _____ in your class?

A．are there B．is there C．there are D．there is ( ) 11. There _____ several fish in the basket?

A．are B．is C．has D．have ( ) 12. Whose _____ those?

A．box are B．boxes are C．box is D．boxes is ( ) 13. The windows of our classroom _____ every day．

A．is cleaned B．are cleaned C．are cleaning D．is cleaning ( ) 14. You and she _____ of the same age．

A．is B．was C．are D．were ( ) 15. The news he told you _____ very wonderful．

A．is B．sound C．are D．am ( ) 16. An old man with his two children _____ down the road now． A．comes B．is coming C．are coming D．was coming ( ) 17. The rest of the milk _____ hot．

A．are B．1ook 1ike C．is D．taste ( ) 18. The Browns _____ getting ready for the picnic．

A．are B．is C．can be D．has been