新视野大学英语2全部课文原文

One day, while filling out an application form for a publishing job, the young woman impulsivelysubstituted her middle name, Lynne, for her first name Debbie.

\

\myself... and other people started to take me more seriously.\

Two years after her successful job interview, the former waitress is now a successful magazine editor.

Friends and associates call her Lynne.

Naturally, the name change didn't cause Debbie/Lynne'sprofessional achievement—but it surely helped if only by adding a bit of self-confidence to hertalents

Social scientists say that what you're called can affect your life. Throughout history, names have not merely identified people but also described them.

\his name is, so is he.\says theBible, and Webster's Dictionary includes the following definition of name: \some quality considered characteristic or descriptive of a person or a thing, often expressing approval or disapproval\ Note well \

For better or worse, qualities such as friendliness or reserve, plainness or

charm may be suggested by your name and conveyed to other people before they even meet you.

Names become attached to specific images, as anyone who's been called \

Thelatter name particularly bothers me since my name is Joe, which some think makes me more qualified to be a baseball player than, say, an art critic.

Yet, despite this disadvantage, I did manage to become an art critic for a time.

Even so, one prominent magazine consistently refused to print \myby-line, using my first initials, J. S., instead.

I suspect that if I were a morerefined Arthur or Adrian, the name would have appeared complete.

Of course, names with a positive sense can work for you and even encourage new acquaintances.

A recent survey showed that American men thought Susan to be the most attractive female name, while women believed Richard and David were the most attractive for men.

One woman I know turned down a blind date with a man named Harry because \

Several evenings later, she came up to me at a party, pressing for an introduction to a very impressive man; they'd been exchanging glances all evening.

\ She was ill at ease.

Though most of us would like to think ourselves free from such prejudiced notions, we're all guilty of name stereotyping to some extent. <28>Confess: Wouldn't you be surprised to meet a <29>carpenter named Nigel? A <30>physicist named Bertha? A <31>Pope Mel? Often, we project name-based stereotypes on people, as one woman friend discovered while taking charge of a <33>nursery school's group of four-year-olds.

\and read a book—and pushing a <34>thoughtful <35>creature named Rory to play ball.

I had their personalities confused because of their names!\

Apparently, such prejudices can affect classroom achievement as well. In a study conducted by Herbert Harari of San Diego State University, and John McDavid of Georgia State University, teachers gave consistently lower grades on essays apparently written by boys named

Elmer and Hubert than they <36>awarded to the same papers when the writers' names were given as Michael and David. However, teacher prejudice isn't the only source of classroom difference.

<37>Dr. Thomas V. Busse and Louisa Seraydarian of Temple University found those girls with names such as Linda, Diane, Barbara, Carol, and Cindy performed better on <39>objectively graded IQ and achievement tests than did girls with less <40>appealing names.

(A companion study showed girls' <41>popularity with their peers was also related to the popularity of their names―although the connection was less clear for boys.)

Though your parents probably meant your name to last a lifetime, remember that when they picked it they'd hardly met you, and the hopes and dreams they valued when they chose it may not match yours. If your name no longer seems to fit you, don't <42>despair; you aren't stuck with the <43>label.

Movie stars regularly change their names, and with some determination, you can, too.