2017届南京、盐城市高三第一次模拟英语试卷 - 图文

To find out, the international team of researchers studied members of the Sonso chimpanzee community in Uganda?s Budongo Forest, a group consisting of 15 males, 35 females and 28 juveniles and infants during the study period from February 2008 to July 2010.

Like humans, chimpanzees tend to have besties — bond partners with whom they appear to feel close. The researchers wanted to see whether interactions with these bond partners led to lower stress levels during particularly stressful situations, such as when fighting rival groups, or whether time spent with friends helped lower stress levels more generally, throughout the day.

The scientists observed the chimps perform three types of activities: resting, grooming or quarrelling with other groups of chimps. The researchers kept track of whether the chimps were doing any of these three things with their bond partners or with other chimps in their group.

A team of up to six observers watched the chimps and followed them around to collect urine (尿液) samples. The samples, collected from nine adult male and eight adult female chimps, were tested to see how much of the stress hormone cortisol they contained.

The scientists found that chimpanzees? levels of urinary cortisol were 23% lower, on average, during the activities when they were with their bond partner. This was especially true for stressful activities, such as the intergroup rivalries, where any chimp on the front line might face physical harm or even death.

The findings in chimpanzees, some of our closest living relatives, could shed light on the role such close social relationships play in human health too, he said. Such friendships may be just as important during good times as bad — though more research needs to be done before any conclusions can be drawn.

“This has interest for a lot of people in a medical context as well,” Langergraber said. 61. The scientists carried out a research into chimpanzee community in Uganda ______. A. to seek evidence of benefits of social bonds from physiological angle B. to uncover whether social bonds make humans survive C. to study how chimps perform three types of activities

D. to train chimps to maintain close social bonds with each other 62. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 10 refer to? A. Observers. B. Chimpanzees. C. Urine samples. D. Bond partners.

63. The chimps? levels of urinary cortisol decrease most when ______. A. they are with other chimps in their group B. they face the intergroup rivalries with friends C. they perform three different types of activities D. they spend time with friends throughout the day 64. What?s the author?s purpose in writing the passage? A. To point out stress is harmful to all social mammals. B. To illustrate how chimps control their stress level.

C. To urge scientists to do more research into chimpanzees. D. To inform us friendships benefit both chimps and humans.

D

Dad and I loved baseball and hated sleep. One midsummer dawn when I was nine, we drove to the local park with our baseballs, gloves, and Yankees caps.

“If you thought night baseball was a thrill, just wait,” Dad told me. “Morning air carries the ball like you?ve never seen.”

He was right. Our fastballs charged faster and landed more lightly. The echoes of our catches popped as the sun rose over the dew-sprinkled fields.

The park was all ours for about two hours. Then a young mother pushed her stroller toward us. When she neared, Dad politely leaned over the stroller, waved, and gave the baby his best smile.

The mother stared at him for a second, and then rushed away.

Dad covered his mouth with his hand and walked to the car. “Let?s go, bud,” he said. “I?m not feeling well.”

A month earlier, Bell?s palsy (贝尔氏神经麻痹) had struck Dad, paralyzing the right side of his face. It left him slurring words and with a droopy eyelid. He could hardly drink from a cup without spilling onto his shirt. And his smile, which once eased the pain of playground cuts and burst forth at the mention of Mick Jagger, Woody Allen, or his very own Yankees, was gone.

As I slumped in the car, I began suspecting that our sunrise park visit wasn?t about watching daylight lift around us. This was his effort to avoid stares.

It was a solemn drive home.

After that day, Dad spent more time indoors. He left the shopping, driving, and Little League games to Mom. A

freelance editor, he turned our dining room into his office and buried himself in manuscripts. He no longer wanted to play catch.

At physical therapy, Dad obeyed the doctor: “Now smile as wide as you can. Now lift your right cheek with your hand. Now try to whistle.”

Only the sound of blowing air came out. My earliest memories were of Dad whistling to Frank Sinatra or Bobby McFerrin. He always whistled. He had taught me to whistle too.

Of the roughly 40,000 Americans suffering Bell?s palsy every year, most recover in several weeks. Other cases take a few months to heal. But after nine weeks of therapy, the doctor confessed she couldn?t help Dad.

“I?ve never seen anything like this,” she told him after his final session. Then she handed him the bill.

Dad coped through humor. He occasionally grabbed erasable markers and drew an even-sided wide smile across his face. Other times, he practiced his Elvis impersonation, joking that his curled lips allowed him to perfect his performance of “Hound Dog”.

By the time I entered fourth grade that September, Dad could blink his right eye and speak clearly again. But his smile still hadn?t returned. So I made a secret vow: I would abstain from smiles of any kind.

Nothing about fourth grade made this easy. Classmates were both old enough to laugh about pop culture and young enough to appreciate fart jokes. Kids called me Frowny the Dwarf. (I was three foot ten.) Teachers accompanied me into hallways, asking what was wrong. Breaking the promise I had made myself was tempting, but I couldn?t let Dad not smile alone.

When I asked my PE coach, “What?s so great about smiling?” he made me do push-ups while the rest of the class played Wiffle ball. Then he called Dad.

I never learned what they discussed. But when I got off the school bus that afternoon, I saw Dad waiting for me, holding our gloves and ball. For the first time in months, we got in the family car and went to the park for a catch.

“It?s been too long,” he said.

Roughly a half-dozen fathers and sons lined the field with gloved arms in the air. Dad couldn?t smile, but he beamed, and so did I. Sundown came quickly. The field?s white lights glowed, and everyone else left. But Dad and I threw everything from curve balls to folly floaters into the night. We had catching up to do. 65. Why did Father choose to play baseballs one summer dawn? A. They could perform better in the morning. B. He tried to escape others? attention to his face. C. Morning air was more suitable for playing baseball. D. The park was empty and they could enjoy themselves.

66. The underlined phrase “abstain from” in Paragraph 16 is closest in meaning to ______. A. seek for B. recover from C. give up D. break into 67. What can we infer from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 17? A. The boy lost his ability to smile.

B. The boy must have suffered many wrongs. C. The boy couldn?t appreciate pop culture. D. The boy tried his best to make Father smile.

68. Why did the father accompany his son to the park for a catch that night? A. He had made a complete recovery. B. He thought night baseball was a thrill.

C. He intended his son to return to normal. D. He was instructed by the PE coach to do so.

69. Which of the following can best describe the author?s father? A. Selfless and lucky. B. Generous and determined. C. Sensitive and stubborn. D. Responsible and humorous. 70. What is the best title for the passage? A. Losing my father?s smile B. Making a hidden secret C. Playing baseball in the morning D. Recovering from a face illness 第四部分 任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。

Until about 18 years ago, it was widely assumed that most of brain development occurs in the first few years of life. But recent research on the human brain has shown that many brain regions undergo prolonged development throughout

adolescence and beyond in humans. This advancement in knowledge has increased old worries and given rise to new ones. It is hugely worrying that so many teenagers around the world don?t have access to education at a time when their brains are still developing and being shaped by the environment. We should also worry about our lack of understanding of how our rapidly changing world is shaping the developing teenage brain.

Decades of research on early neurodevelopment suggested that the environment influences brain development. During the first few months or years of life, an animal must be exposed to particular visual or auditory stimuli (听觉刺激) for the associated brain cells and connections to develop. In this way, neuronal circuitry (神经元回路) is shaped according to the environment during ?sensitive periods? of brain development. This research has focused mostly on early development of sensory brain regions. What about later development of higher-level brain regions, which are involved in decision-making, control and planning, as well as social understanding and self-awareness? We know these brain regions continue to develop throughout adolescence. However, we have very little knowledge about how environmental factors influence the developing teenage brain. This is something that should concern us.

There?s a lot of concern about the hours some teenagers spend online and playing video games. But maybe all this worry is misplaced. After all, throughout history humans have worried about the effects of new technologies on the minds of the next generation. When the printing press was invented, there was anxiety about reading corrupting young people?s minds, and the same worries were repeated for the invention of radio and television. Maybe we shouldn?t be worried at all. It?s possible that the developing brains of today?s teenagers are going to be the most adaptable, creative, multi-tasking brains that have ever existed. There is evidence — from adults — that playing video games improves a range of cognitive functions such as divided attention and working memory. Much less is known about how gaming, social networking and so on, influence the developing adolescent brain. We don?t know whether the effects of new technologies on the developing brain are positive, negative or neutral. We need to find out.

Adolescence is a period of life in which the brain is developing and shapable, and it represents a good opportunity for learning and social development. However, according to UNICEF, 40% of the world?s teenagers do not have access to secondary school education. The percentage of teenage girls who have no access to education is much higher, and yet there is strong evidence that the education of girls in developing countries has multiple significant benefits for family health,

population growth rates, child mortality rates, HIV rates as well as for women?s self-esteem and quality of life. Adolescence represents a time of brain development when teaching and training should be particularly beneficial. I worry about the lost opportunity of denying the world?s teenagers access to education.

Worrying about the teenage brain Introduction Different from the previous researches, a new one reveals that brain development will 71________ even in the teenage years and beyond, which 71_____________________ some worries. ? Particular visual or auditory stimuli are a must for animals to 74______________ neuronal circuitry at the early time of life. ? We should be 75__________________ about what influence the environment has on the developing teenage brain. Humans always face new technologies with a sense of anxiety that young people?s minds are 76___________________. We are supposed to find out what kind of role new technologies play in the 77______________ of the teenage brain. Various factors ? 73_________ the teenage ? brain and new worries ? Education is of great 78__________________ in adolescence when the brain is developing and be shaped. However, it isn?t 79____________________ to two fifths of the world?s teenagers, girls in particular. ? We are expected to be 80________________ of the effects of education on the developing brains. 第五部分 书面表达（满分25分） 81. 请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。 On Nov. 25, 2016, Luo Er in the city of Shenzhen published an article about his 5-year-old daughter?s leukemia（白血病）to raise money for her treatment via WeChat, China? most popular messaging app. According to the WeChat account, Luo raised more than 2 million yuan. However, he was flooded with considerable criticism. On one hand, he was revealed as the owner of three apartments. On the other hand, the Shenzhen hospital treating Luo?s daughter confirmed that the five-year-old leukemia patient was receiving the highest level of medical care, but said the cost of the treatment totaled 200,000 yuan, with more than 82% of those expenses covered by government health insurance. That meant Luo raised 75 times his spending on his daughter?s treatment via WeChat. On Nov. 30, Shenzhen?s civil affairs authority said it had launched an investigation into the case. Some Internet users said they thought the campaign may be a marketing exercise or even a downright fraud. “If it were me, I would never use this incident to push my kid in front of the public,” one Internet user wrote on China?s Weibo site. Another said, “I feel that we are cheated and I?ll save my kindness for others who truly need it and don?t write articles for marketing.” 【写作内容】 1. 用约30个单词写出上文概要； 2. 用约120个单词发表你的观点，内容包括： （1）你对这一事件的看法； （2）从“公平、诚信”等方面谈一谈你得到的启示。 【写作要求】 1. 阐述观点或论据时，不能直接引用原文语句； 2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称； 3. 不必写标题。 【评分标准】 内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。

南京市、盐城市2017届高三年级第一次模拟考试 英语试题参考答案

1. B 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. A 11. B 12. A 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. C 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. C 21. C 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. C 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. A

36. C 37. B 38. D 39. A 40. D 41. A 42. C 43. D 44. B 45. B 46. C 47. D 48. C 49. A 50. B 51. D 52. B 53. A 54. C 55. A 56. B 57. D 58. A 59. C 60. B 61. A 62. C 63. B 64. D 65. B 66. C 67. B 68. C 69. D 70. A 71. continue

72. causes

73. affecting/influencing 76. corrupted

74. shape 77. development

75. concerned/worried/anxious

78. importance/significance/benefit 80. aware/conscious

79. accessible/available

81. One possible version:

A father, who posted his daughter?s illness via WeChat to raise money for her treatment, was criticized by the public because he had the ability to cover the medical expenses.

I?m in complete disagreement with the behavior of the father. It?s apparent that raising money on the Internet is an effective way to help those in need, which can not only assist them in getting through the hardships but also be helpful in creating a harmonious society. However, this father can afford the medical expenses but turned to others for help, which betrayed the public?s trust and made them feel cheated.

As far as I?m concerned, only when one is in desperate need can they seek for help from others. Meanwhile, the government and relevant authorities should make efforts to enhance the supervision of the identity of those seeking help and get to the truth of their problems.