2000-2015专八改错真题及答案

2000 年-2015 年专八短文改错试题

2015年3月21日专业八级考试改错

When I was in my early teens, I was taken to a spectacular show

on ice by the mother of a friend. Looked round a the luxury of the 1. ______ rink, my friend?s mother remarked on the “plush” seats we had been

given. I did not know what she meant, and being proud of my 2. ______ vocabulary, I tried to infer its meaning from the context. “Plush”

was clearly intended as a complimentary, a positive evaluation; that 3. ______ much I could tell it from the tone of voice and the context. So I 4. ______ started to use the word. Yes, I replied, they certainly are plush, and so are the ice rink and the costumes of the skaters, aren?t they? My

friend?s mother was very polite to correct me, but I could tell from her 5. ______ expression that I had not got the word quite right.

Often we can indeed infer from the context what a word roughly means, and that is in fact the way which we usually acquire both 6. ______ new words and new meanings for familiar words, specially in our 7. ______ own first language. But sometimes we need to ask, as I should have

asked for Plush, and this is particularly true in the 8. ______ aspect of a foreign language. If you are continually surrounded by 9. ______ speakers of the language you are learning, you can ask them directly, but often this opportunity does not exist for the learner of English.

So dictionaries have been developed to mend the gap. 10. ______

2014改错

There is widespread consensus among scholars that second language acquisition (SLA) emerged as a distinct field of research from the late 1950s to early 1960s.

There is a high level of agreement that the following questions (1) ______ have possessed the most attention of researchers in this area: (2) ______ l Is it possible to acquire an additional language in the same sense one acquires a first language? (3) ______

l What is the explanation for the fact adults have (4) ______

more difficulty in acquiring additional languages than children have? l What motivates people to acquire additional language? l What is the role of the language teaching in the (5) ______ acquisition of additional languages?

l What social-cultural factors, if any, are relevant in studying the learning of additional languages?

From a check of the literature of the field it is clear that all (6) ______ the approaches adopted to study the phenomena of SLA so far have one thing in common: The perspective adopted to view the acquiring

of an additional language is that of an individual attempts to do (7) ______ so. Whether one labels it “learning” or “acquiring” an additional

language, it is an individual accomplishment or what is under (8) ______ focus is the cognitive, psychological, and institutional status of an individual. That is, the spotlight is on what mental capabilities are

involving, what psychological factors play a role in the learning (9) ______ or acquisition, and whether the target language is learnt in the

classroom or acquired through social touch with native speakers. (10) ______

2013 专八短文改错试题．

Psycho-linguistics is the name given to the study of the psychological processes involved in language. Psycholinguistics study understanding,

production and remembering language, and hence are concerned with (1) _____ listening, reading, speaking, writing, and memory for language.

One reason why we take the language for granted is that it usually (2) ______ happens so effortlessly, and most of time, so accurately. (3) ______ Indeed, when you listen to someone to speaking, or looking at this page, (4) ______ you normally cannot help but understand it. It is only in exceptional

circumstances we might become aware of the complexity (5) ______ involved: if we are searching for a word but cannot remember it;

if a relative or colleague has had a stroke which has influenced (6) ______ their language; if we observe a child acquire language; if (7) ______ we try to learn a second language ourselves as an adult; or if we are visually impaired or hearing-impaired or if we meet

anyone else who is. As we shall see, all these examples (8) ______ of what might be called “language in exceptional circumstances”

reveal a great deal about the processes evolved in speaking, (9) ______ listening, writing and reading. But given that language processes

were normally so automatic, we also need to carry out careful (10) ______ experiments to get at what is happening.

2012年

The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely. The argument has been going since at least the first (1) ______ century B.C. Up to the beginning of the 19th century, many writers

favoured certain kind of “free” translation: the spirit, not the letter; the (2) _______ sense not the word; the message rather the form; the matter not (3) _______ the manner. This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who (4) _______ wanted the truth to be read and understood. Then in the turn of 19th (5) _______ century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested that

the linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language (6) _______ was entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible (7) _______ gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must be as (8) _______ literal as possible. This view culminated the statement of the (9) _______ extreme “literalists” Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov.

The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation, the nature of the readership, the type of the text, was not discussed. Too often, writer, translator and reader were implicitly identified with

each other. Now, the context has changed, and the basic problem remains. (10) _____

2011年专八真题改错部分

From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, I knew

that when I grew I should be a writer. Between the ages of about 1__________ seventeen and twenty-four I tried to abandon this idea, but I did so

with the conscience that I was outraging my true nature and that 2___________ soon or later I should have to settle down and write books. 3___________ I was the child of three, but there was a gap of five years 4__________ on either side, and I barely saw my father before I was eight. For this and other reasons I was somewhat lonely, and I soon developed

disagreeing mannerisms which made me unpopular throughout my 5_____________ schooldays. I had the lonely child's habit of making up stories and

holding conversations with imaginative persons, and I think from 6_________ the very start my literal ambitions were mixed up with the feeling of 7________ being isolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a facility with words

and a power of facing in unpleasant facts, and I felt that this created 8________ a sort of private world which I could get my own back for my failure 9________ in everyday life. Therefore, the volume of serious — i.e. seriously 10________ intended — writing which I produced all through my childhood and boyhood would not amount to half a dozen pages. I wrote my first poem at the age of four or five, my mother taking it down to dictation.

2010年专八真题改错部分

So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally

complete and perfect as instruments of communication: that is,

every language appears to be well equipped as any other to say 1________________ the things their speakers want to say. 2________________ There may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive 3________________ peoples or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not all groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics or

psychology or the cultivation of rice . Whereas this is not the 4_____________ fault of their language. The Eskimos , it is said, can speak about

snow with further more precision and subtlety than we can in 5______________ English, but this is not because the Eskimo language (one of those sometimes miscalled 'primitive') is inherently more precise and

subtle than English. This example does not come to light a defect 6______________ in English, a show of unexpected 'primitiveness'. The position is

simply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in similar 7____________ environments. The English language will be just as rich in terms 8____________ for different kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in which

Englishwas habitually used made such distinction as important. 9_____________ Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture

or cricket if these topics formed the part of the Eskimos' life. 10____________ 2009

The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passes

from one school child to the next and illustrates the further difference (1)___________

between school lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse,

learnt in early childhood, is not usually passed on again when the (2)___________ little listener has grown up, and has children of their own, or even (3)____________ grandchildren. The period between learning a nursery rhyme and

transmitting it may be something from twenty to seventy years. With (4)_____________ the playground lore, therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly passed (5)___________ on within the very hour it is learnt; and in the general, it passes (6)_____________ between children of the same age, or nearly so, since it is uncommon for the difference in age between playmates to be more than five years. If ,therefore, a playground rhyme can be shown to have been

currently for a hundred years, or even just for fifty, it follows that it (7)__________ has been retransmitted over and over; very possibly it has passed (8)___________ along a chain of two or three hundred young hearers and tellers, and

the wonder is that it remains live after so much handling, (9)____________ to let alone that it bears resemblance to the (10)____________

2008年专八真题 短文改错

The desire to use language as a sign of national identity is a

very natural one, and in result language has played a prominent ____1____ part in national moves. Men have often felt the need to cultivate ____2____ a given language to show that they are distinctive from another ____3____ race whose hegemony they resent. At the time the United States ____4____ split off from Britain, for example, there were proposals that

independence should be linguistically accepted by the use of a ____5____ different language from those of Britain. There was even one ____6____ proposal that Americans should adopt Hebrew. Others favoured the adoption of Greek, though, as one man put it, things would

certainly be simpler for Americans if they stuck on to English ____7____ and made the British learn Greek. At the end, as everyone ____8____ knows, the two countries adopted the practical and satisfactory

solution of carrying with the same language as before. ____9____ Since nearly two hundred years now, they have shown the world ____10____ that political independence and national identity can be complete without sacrificing the enormous mutual advantages of a common language.

2007专八真题 短文改错

From what has been said, it must be clear that no one can

make very positive statements about how language originated.

There is no material in any language today and in the earliest 1__________ records of ancient languages show us language in a new and 2__________ emerging state. It is often said, of course, that the language 3_________ originated in cries of anger, fear, pain and pleasure, and the 4__________ necessary evidence is entirely lacking: there are no remote tribes, no ancient records, providing evidence of

a language with a large proportion of such cries 5__________