译林牛津版高一下学期英语期末复习资料 - 图文

contribution n. action of contributing贡献；捐助; things contributed捐赠物 He has made great contributions to the development of agriculture. 他对农业的发展作出了重大的贡献。

A small contribution to the collection少量捐款 [单词积累]

contribute v.捐助；贡献 contributor n.捐助者 [链接]

make contributions to/towards对??做出贡献 contribute … to … 捐献??给?? [提示]

contribute to 与 make contributions to 中的to均为介词，后面加名词，代词或动名词。

Human error _______ the deadly train collision in Shandong province, the Xinhua News Agency said.

A. contributed to B. resulted from C. lay in D. answered for (A)

excite vt. 使兴奋，使激动 His speech excited us very much. 他的演讲使我们非常兴奋。 [单词累积]

exciting adj. 令人兴奋的 excited adj. 兴奋的 excitedly adv. 兴奋地 excitement n. 兴奋，激动 [辨析] excited 与 exciting

（1）excited描述的对象常常指人，但有时也可以用来描述与人有关的事物，如：look（表情）, expression等。

She looked at him with an excited expression.她面带激动的表情望着他。 (2) exciting意为“令人兴奋的”，常用来指物。 This is an exciting film.这是一部令人激动的影片。

attempt n.努力；尝试；企图；vt. ( 常与to do连用)尝试；企图

An astronaut will attempt to leave the stationary spaceship and then return to it. 一名宇航员将试着离开停着的宇宙飞船然后再回到里面去。 She made an attempt to cook the dinner. 她试着做饭。 [拓展]

make an attempt at 打算；试图 make an attempt to do 打算；试图 make an attempt on 攻击，袭击

make an attempt on sb?s life 谋害某人的性命

attempted murder/robbery/suicide 谋杀/抢劫/自杀未遂

Shelly had prepared carefully for her biology examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first _______.

A. intention B. attempt C. purpose D. desire

(B) limit

(1) n. the furthest point or edge of sth. 限度，限制，极限

He sees no limit to man?s progress. 他看到人类的进步无止境。 She has reached the limit of her patience. 她已忍耐到了极限。

There is a speed limit of 30 miles per hour in towns. 城里限速每小时30英里。 (2) vt. To stop sth. from increasing beyond a particular amount or level 限制，限定 Our holidays are limited to two weeks. 我们的假期被限制在两个周。 Her food was limited to bread and water.她的食物仅限于面包和水。 [提示]

(1) Limit 一般与介词 to连用。 (2) limited 为形容词，“有限的” My power is limited.我的能力有限。 Limited 也可作“（公司）责任有限的”，缩略形式为Ltd. Lonman Group Ltd. 朗曼集团有限公司 state

(1)n. condition of sb./sth.状态；country国家；government政府；州

(2)v. to formally write or say sth, especially in a careful and clear way陈述；说明；声明

to fix or announce the details of sth. 规定，公布

The house is in a bad state of repair. 那座房子年久失修。 He has already stated his intention to run for election. 他已声明打算参加竞选。

You must arrive at the time stated.你必须在规定时间内到达。 [辨析]：state, declare, announce 与claim (1)state “陈述，声明”，常用于书面或演讲中，比较正式。 (2)declare “宣布，断言”，与state意义相近，但主要指口头的，尤指官方的声明。

(3)announce 公开“宣布，通知”，不一定正式。 (4)claim “断言，宣称”，尤指面对反对意见。 plenty of许多的，大量的

There are plenty of eggs in the fridge.冰箱里有足够的鸡蛋。 [拓展]

“许多”的表达法：

(1) 后+可数名词复数+动词的复数形式 masses of many

a great/large number of a great/good many

后+可数名词单数+动词的单数形式 many a

more than one (2)后+不可数名词 much

a great/good deal of a great/good amount of large amounts of

(3) 既可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词的“许多” a lot of/lots of plenty of quantities of

We always keep _______ spare paper, in case we run out.

A. too much B. a number of C. plenty of D. a good many (C)

host n. 主人；主持人；主办者 vt.主办，作??的东道主；作（广播或电视节目）主持人

At the end of the party, we thanked our host and went away. 宴会结束时，我们谢了主人便回家了。

Which country will be the host country for the next Olympic Games? 哪个国家将是下届奥运会的主办国？ [单词积累]

hostess n. 女主人 [拓展]

host the World Cup主办世界杯 host a dinner设宴招待客人

transport v.&n. a system for carrying people or goods from one place to another using vehicles, roads, etc. 运输，运送；运输工具 They transport goods by lorry. 他们用卡车运载货物。

London?s public transport system is among the finest in the world. 伦敦的公共交通是世界一流的。

My car is being repaired, so I?ve no transport to the concert. 我的车正在修理，所以我没有去音乐会的代步工具。 [提示]

trans- 横穿，进入另一处或状态 transatlantic adj. 横穿大西洋的 transplant v. 移植；移栽

attraction n. an interesting or enjoyable place to go or thing to do吸引人的地方或事情；吸引力，诱惑力

The beautiful beaches are the island?s main attraction. 美丽的海滩是个岛吸引人的主要之处。 She felt a strong attraction to him. 她感到他对她有强烈的吸引力。 [单词积累]

attractive adj.有魅力的；好看的，漂亮的 attract vt.吸引，引起（兴趣，关注等） [拓展]

attract sb. to sth. 吸引某人注意某事 be attracted to… 喜爱，为??所吸引

attract one?s attention to 把某人的注意力吸引到??上来 tourist attraction 旅游景点，旅游胜地

pretty adv. To some extent; fairly相当，颇；非常，很 adj.漂亮的，好看的；悦目的

I?m pretty sure he?ll say yes.我相当肯定他会说行。 What a pretty little garden!多精致的小花园啊！ [辨析[ Beautiful, pretty, good-looking 与handsome

(1)beautiful 漂亮悦人的；表示“美丽”的最普通用词，语气最强，不用于男性； (2)pretty 美丽可爱的；多用于小孩，妇女或较细小的东西，语气较弱； (3)good-looking（相貌）好看的；语气弱，可修饰男性或女性； (4)handsome 仪表堂堂，英俊的；主要用于男性。 leading adj.主要的；领导的，指导的，第一位的 He was our leading goal scorer last season. 他是我们上个赛季主导的得分球员。

He became a leading figure in the London art world. 他成了伦敦艺术界一位举足轻重的人物。 [单词积累]

lead vt.领导，率领，带领，引导； n.领导，榜样，引导，带头，领先 leader n.领袖；首领，指挥者 leadership n.领导 [拓展]

lead to sth.导致；造成 (=cause) lead to (prep.)doing… 导致做?? lead sb. to+引某人到??

under the leadership of … 在??的领导下 practice vt. 练习，实习；实行，实践

She ?s been practicing the same tune on the piano for nearly an hour. 她在钢琴上练习同一曲调快一个小时了。

You mustn?t practice the drums while the baby is sleeping. 当孩子睡觉时，你不准练习打鼓。

They were prevented from practicing their religion. 他们被阻止从事宗教活动。 [提示]

当practise后接动词时用v.-ing形式

It?s necessary to practise speaking English every day. 每天练习说英语是有必要的。 [单词积累]

Practice n.实践 [拓展]

In practice 在实践中

put sth. into practice 实行，实施 common practice 惯例，惯常做法 make a practice of 养成??之习惯 In/out of practice 近来勤/疏于练习