生态学十大问题中英互译

生态学翻译（第三组38~57）

邵盈 城规112 201118020113

英文原文：

38 How can we use species’ traits as proxies to predict trophic interaction strength?

39 How well can community properties and responses to environmental change be predicted from the distribution of simple synoptic traits, e.g. body size, leaf area? 40 How do species traits influence ecological network structure?

41 When, if ever, can the combined effect of many weak interactions, which are difficult to measure, be greater than the few strong ones we can easily measure?

42 How widespread and important are indirect interactions (e.g. apparent competition, apparent mutualism) in ecological communities?

43 How do spatial and temporal environmental heterogeneity

influence diversity at different scales?44 How does species loss affect the extinction risk of the remaining species?

45 What is the relative importance of stochastic vs. deterministic processes in controlling diversity and composition of communities, and how does this vary across ecosystem types?

46 How do we predict mechanistically how many species can coexist in a given area?

47 To what extent is local species composition and diversity controlled by dispersal limitation and the regional species pool?

48 What are the contributions of biogeographical factors and evolutionary history in determining present day ecological processes?

49 To what extent is primary producer diversity a driver of wider community diversity?

50 How relevant are assembly rules in a world of biological invasion?

51 What is the relative importance of trophic and nontrophic interactions in determining the composition of communities?

52 How important are dynamical extinction-recolonization equilibria to the persistence of species assemblages in fragmented landscapes?

53 Which mechanisms allow the long-term coexistence of grasses and woody plants over a wide range of ecosystems? 54 How do resource pulses affect resource use and interactions between organisms?

55 How important are rare species in the functioning of ecological communities?

56 What is the feedback between diversity and diversification? 57 What are the functional consequences of allelopathy for natural plant communities?

翻译：

38我们如何使用物种的特征作为代理来预测营养相互作用强度？

39 如何社会属性和响应环境变化可以预测从简单的天气的分布特征,如身体大小,树叶面积?

40 物种特征如何影响生态网络结构?

41 什么时候，或者有这个时候，那些弱的交互作用的综合效果，就是那些很难计算的，能大于那些少数单个的交互效果。

42 间接地交互有多普遍和重要在生态社区？ 43时空环境异质性如何在不同尺度上影响多样性? 44物种如何丧失影响其余物种的灭绝风险?

45 什么是确定流程和随机流程之间重要的关系对于控制的多样性和组成的社区，然后这个怎么区分不同生态系统类型。

46 我们如何机械的预计多少物种能共存在一个指定区域？

47局限性和区域物种池控制本地的物种组成和多样性分散在什么程度上? 48什么是生物地理因素和进化历史决定当今生态过程的贡献？ 49 到什么程度是初级生产者会达到更广泛的社区的多样性 50 生物入侵和我们这个世界的构成有多大的关系。

51 在群体构成中，什么是有营养和没营养最重要的交互关系。 52 动态消光再殖民均衡物种组合在的破碎化景观中的持久性的重要性 53 什么机制让草本植物和木本植物长时期共存在一个广泛的生态系统? 54 如何资源脉冲影响生物体之间资源的使用和交互？ 55 稀有物种在生态群落的运作上有多大重要性？ 56什么是多样性和多元化之间的反馈？

57 自然植物群落的植化相克有什么功能性的结果？