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设计总说明
电镀污泥中的铜、镍、银等重金属氢氧化物不稳定，随意堆放时在雨水的淋溶作用会渗漏到土壤中污染环境，并通过生物链危害人类健康。但电镀污泥中所含的重金属都是不可再生资源，不对其进行回收意味着重大的浪费。
本设计要求处理180吨/天的电镀污泥，原污泥为经过脱水处理的含水率约75%的湿污泥。针对电镀污泥的特点和废物资源化利用的要求，结合国内处理电镀污泥的成功经验，决定选用先干化后熔炼的处理工艺。虽然该工艺设备投资成本较高，但其对重金属回收率高，处理流程短，炉渣可回收利用，可实现资源的综合利用。
设计基本工艺流程为：储泥室→回转烘干机→制砖机→熔炼炉→粗金属、炉渣、煤灰等回收。
本设计所用的主要设备有回转烘干机、砌块成型机、密封式熔炼炉、脉冲布袋收尘器、脱硫塔、活性炭吸附塔等。设计工艺总投资为417.64万元。
关键词：电镀污泥，干化，熔炼，重金属，回收
Design illuminate
Copper, nickel, silver and other metal hydroxides in electroplating sludge is not stable, if piled up at random at leaching by the rain .its can leak into the soil and pollute the environment, and harm human health through the food chain. But the heavy metals in electroplating sludge are non renewable resources, not to recovery means huge waste.
In this design, projects required to treat 180 tons/day electroplating sludge. Moisture content of the original sludge，which has been pressed by the frame filter，is approximately 75%. Aiming at the characteristic of electroplating sludge, and in the light of the successful experience of external treatment of electroplating and mature technology of internal treatment of that, we select drying and smelt technology. Although this process equipment investment cost much, but it have the high recovery rate of the heavy metal, the short process , and the slag can be Recyclable.
Basic process is: Stored mud room → Rotary dryer →brick machine →smelt→ Ash and other recycled.
The main equipment used in the design is Rotary Dryer, smelter, block making machine, Pulse bag filter, desulfurization tower, activated carbon adsorption tower and so on. The total investment is 4176400 yuan.
Keywords：electroplating sludge, mummification, smelt, heavy metal, recycle
目 录
1、概述 ...................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1设计名称 ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.2设计要求 ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.3处理处置的一般要求 .................................................................................................. 1 1.4项目意义 ...................................................................................................................... 2 2、设计背景 .............................................................................................................................. 3
2.1电镀污泥的特点 .......................................................................................................... 3 2.2电镀污泥处理处置现状 .............................................................................................. 3 2.3电镀污泥处理与处置方法 .......................................................................................... 4
2.3.1固化剂固化 ....................................................................................................... 4 2.3.2填埋 ................................................................................................................... 5 2.3.3焚烧热处理 ....................................................................................................... 5 2.4电镀重金属污泥的资源化综合利用 .......................................................................... 5
2.5.1回收重金属 ....................................................................................................... 6 2.5.2生产改性塑料制品 ........................................................................................... 8
3、设计范围、依据及原则 ...................................................................................................... 9
3.1设计范围 ...................................................................................................................... 9 3.2设计依据 ...................................................................................................................... 9
3.2.1国家法律、法规及政策 ................................................................................... 9 3.2.2地方法规及政策 ............................................................................................. 10 3.2.3技术规范和行业标准 ..................................................................................... 10 3.3设计原则 .................................................................................................................... 11 4、设计内容 ............................................................................................................................ 12
4.1工艺流程及说明 ........................................................................................................ 12 4.2干化工艺 .................................................................................................................... 14
4.2.1干化过程 ......................................................................................................... 14
4.2.3加热方式 ......................................................................................................... 14 4.2.4污泥干化的热源 ............................................................................................. 15 4.2.6干化设备 ......................................................................................................... 16 4.2.7选型计算 ......................................................................................................... 16 4.3制砖工艺 .................................................................................................................... 20 4.4熔炼工艺 .................................................................................................................... 21
4.4.1工艺计算 ......................................................................................................... 22 4.4.2进气量计算 ..................................................................................................... 25 4.4.3出气量计算 ..................................................................................................... 26 4.5除尘系统 .................................................................................................................... 26
4.5.1重力沉降室设计计算 ..................................................................................... 27 4.5.2U型管式冷却器选择 ...................................................................................... 28 4.5.3除尘器设计计算 ............................................................................................. 28 4.6污染气体处理系统 .................................................................................................... 31
4.6.1双碱法脱硫 ..................................................................................................... 31 4.6.2活性炭吸附法脱氮 ......................................................................................... 33 4.7灰渣处理系统 ............................................................................................................ 34 4.8功能区布置 ................................................................................................................ 34 5、工艺成本概算 .................................................................................................................... 36
5.1土建及设备投资概算 ................................................................................................ 36 5.2设备安装调试费用 .................................................................................................... 37 结论 .......................................................................................................................................... 38 参考文献 .................................................................................................................................. 39 致谢 .......................................................................................................................................... 40
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