2006年专八真题点评（王长喜） - 图文

学英语 找长喜

[C] Steep hillsides. （由第一段第三句话可知，峡谷的壁岩陡峭耸立，高达五六千英尺。） [D] Fertile valleys.（根据[B]解可知此项正确。） 22. According to the passage, the Pathans welcomed [A] the introduction of the rifle.

文章第二段第二句话提到，步枪是奢侈品，也是恩惠，而英国政府则是十足的麻烦；第三句话又提到没有比印度高地的人们更感激步枪带来的便捷的了。由此可见，帕坦人很欢迎步枪的引入，讨厌英国政府的到来。

[B] the spread of British rule.（根据[A]解可排除。）

[C] the extension of luxuries.（文章第二段只是提到步枪是奢侈品，但没有暗含帕坦人喜欢奢侈品的意思。）

[D] the spread of trade.（文章未提及。） 23. Building roads by the British

[A] put an end to a whole series of quarrels.（文章最后一句提到，英国政府要求的太多，导致一系列的争吵由此产生，而非平息了争吵。） [B] prevented the Pathans from earning on feuds.

文章倒数第二句提到，一路上人们要保持安静，不能随便朝对方开枪，这从某种程度上可以缓解家族间的世仇恩怨，因此[B]正确。

[C] lessened the subsidies paid to the Pathans.（文章倒数第五句提到，英国政府通过威胁、修建堡垒、给予补贴的方法来确保道路安全，并没有提到减少了给帕坦人的补贴。）

[D] gave the Pathans a much quieter life.（从文章最后一句可知，修路导致一系列争吵的产生，因此帕坦人的生活并没有变得更加平静。） 24. A suitable title for the passage would be

[A] Campaigning on the Indian frontier./（范围太大，不够确切。）

[B] Why the Pathans resented the British rule.（只涉及英国政府，不全面。） [C] The popularity of rifles among the Pathans.（只涉及步枪，不全面。） [D] The Pathans at war.

文章第一段就提到帕坦人各家族之间的世仇恩怨，后来又提到步枪的引入使他们的战争更便捷，而英国政府的干预也没有阻止他们争吵的发生，全文都在讲帕坦人的战争，因此[D]“战斗中的帕坦人”是最合适的标题。

【语境记忆】

torrent n. a violently fast stream of water急流

savage a. without civilizing influences未开化的，蒙昧的；野蛮的；凶残的

truce n. a state of peace agreed to between opponents so they can discuss peace terms休战 theologian n. someone who is learned in theology or who speculates about theology (especially Christian theology) 神学家

vendetta n. a feud in which members of the opposing parties murder each other世仇，宿怨 unmitigated a. absolute 十足的，完完全全的；未减轻的，未缓和的 fabulous a. barely credible惊人的，难以置信的；极好的 coveted a. greatly desired令人垂涎的

laboriously adv. in a manner needing much efforts艰难地，费力地；不流畅地 exact v. to demand and enforce the payment of sth索取，苛求；强迫

【参考译文】

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在印度边界上战斗本身就是一种经历。在世界其他任何地方都找不到类似那里的风景和人民。峡谷每一侧陡峭耸立的壁岩都高达五六千英尺。植物的蕊柱爬过大面积的混乱的狭长地带，下面是黄铜色天幕下积雪融化后形成的急流泡沫飞溅。在这些原始的壮观景色中居住着一个种族，他们的特征似乎与环境融为一体。除了在收获季节为了自我保存需要暂时休战外，帕坦部落一直都在进行着私人的或公众的战争。每个男人都是战士、政治家和神学家。每栋大房子都仅仅是由烘干的粘土建造成的真正的封建堡垒，但是有城垛、炮塔、枪眼、吊桥等设施，也算完整。每座村庄都有它的防御体系。每个家庭传袭积怨，每个家族不忘世仇。这些众多的部落和部落结盟彼此间都有互相要解决的问题。这些仇恨从来没被忘记过，很少有血债得不到偿还。为了社会生活，除去收获时节的习俗，他们还建立了一套最为精细的荣誉准则，整体严格遵守。一个了解准则并严格遵守的人可以徒手从边界的一端穿越到另一端。然而，最小的技术疏忽也将是致命的。因此，帕坦族人的生活充满了乐趣，他们的峡谷在无尽阳光和充足雨水的滋润下足够肥沃，几乎无需多少劳作就可以大体满足这个人口稀少的部落的物质需求。

19世纪带给这个快乐世界两样新事物：步枪和英国政府。前者是一种豪华奢侈品，也是一种恩惠，后者则是十足的麻烦。没有比印度高地的人们更感激步枪带来的便捷的了。这是一种能在1 500码外以外准确击毙目标的武器，这给拥有它的每个家庭，每个部落都带来了一种全新的喜悦感。人们可以呆在自己家里，向一英里远的邻居开火。可以躺在某个高高的崖壁上等着以前所未闻的射程射中下面远处而来的一个骑马者。村庄之间甚至不用离家很远就可以互相开火。人们因此也为这些科学的伟大产品支付了惊人的价钱。步枪小偷搜遍全印度来巩固诚实的走私分子的努力成果。令人垂涎的武器的稳步流动把其温和的影响力扩散到整个边界，这极大地增强了帕坦部落对基督文明的尊敬。

另一方面，英国政府的行为却是完全令人失望。他们大规模地向南组织、前进、吸收武力，这看起来与可恶的破坏活动没什么两样。如果帕坦人袭击平原地区，他们不仅会被赶回去(这毕竟仅仅是为了公平)，随后还会有一系列干预行为发生，不时还会有考察队长途跋涉，穿越峡谷，斥责部落人，并向他们因为任何破坏活动索要罚款。要是这些考察队只是过来打架，然后再离开的话，没有人会在意。在许多情况下，这是他们在所谓的“屠杀和扣留人质政策”下的做法，这一政策印度政府已经长期坚持。但是在十九世纪末期，这些入侵者开始在许多峡谷里修建道路，特别是通往奇特拉尔的大路。他们通过威胁、修建堡垒、给予补贴的方法来确保道路安全。一直以来没有人反对最后一种做法。但是帕坦人对修建道路的整个做法深恶痛绝。从头至尾，一路上人们要保持安静，不能朝彼此开枪，最重要的是不能朝路上的旅行者开枪。这就要求的太多了，一系列的争吵也就因此而产生。

TEXT D

【语篇分析】说明文。文章按照时间顺序主要介绍了博物馆的进化过程，从古代的神殿、教堂、修道院、城堡等形式一直进化为现代的博物馆。

Para.1—Para.4具体介绍古代博物馆的各种形式和功能。

Para.5 讲述现代博物馆的由来，并列举一些著名的欧洲现代博物馆。

\slippery word. It first meant (in Greek) anything consecrated to the Muses: a hill, a shrine, a garden, a festival or even a textbook. Both Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum had a mouseion, a muses' shrine. Although the Greeks already collected detached works of art, many temples - notably that of Hera at Olympia (before which the Olympic flame is still lit) - had collections of objects, some of which were works of art by well-known masters, while

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paintings and sculptures in the Alexandrian Museum were incidental to its main purpose.

The Romans also collected and exhibited art from disbanded temples, as well as mineral specimens, exotic plants, animals; and they plundered sculptures and paintings (mostly Greek) for exhibition. Meanwhile, the Greek word had slipped into Latin by transliteration (though not to signify picture galleries, which were called pinacothecae) and museum still more or less meant \

The inspirational collections of precious and semi-precious objects were kept in larger churches and monasteries - which focused on the gold-enshrined, bejewelled relics of saints and martyrs. Princes, and later merchants, had similar collections, which became the deposits of natural curiosities: large lumps of amber or coral, irregular pearls, unicorn horns, ostrich eggs, fossil bones and so on. They also included coins and gems - often antique engraved ones - as well as, increasingly, paintings and sculptures. As they multiplied and expanded, to supplement them, the skill of the fakers grew increasingly refined.

At the same time, visitors could admire the very grandest paintings and sculptures in the churches, palaces and castles; they were not \either, but \and were considered an integral part both of the fabric of the buildings and of the way of life which went on inside them - and most of the buildings were public ones. However, during the revival of antiquity in the fifteenth century, fragments of antique sculpture were given higher status than the work of any contemporary, so that displays of antiquities would inspire artists to imitation, or even better, to emulation; and so could be considered Muses' shrines in the former sense. The Medici garden near San Marco in Florence, the Belvedere and the Capitol in Rome were the most famous of such early \collections. Soon they multiplied, and, gradually, exemplary \

In the seventeenth century, scientific and prestige collecting became so widespread that three or four collectors independently published directories to museums all over the known world. But it was the age of revolutions and industry which produced the next sharp shift in the way the institution was perceived: the fury against royal and church monuments prompted antiquarians to shelter them in asylum-galleries, of which the Musee des Monuments Francais was the most famous. Then, in the first half of the nineteenth century, museum funding took off, allied to the rise of new wealth: London acquired the National Gallery and the British Museum, the Louvre was organized, the Museum-Insel was begun in Berlin, and the Munich galleries were built. In Vienna, the huge Kunsthistorisches and Naturhistorisches Museums took over much of the imperial treasure. Meanwhile, the decline of craftsmanship (and of public taste with it) inspired the creation of \famous, as well as perhaps the largest of them.

25. The sentence \

[A] the meaning of the word didn't change until after the 15th century.（根据[B]解可排除。） [B] the meaning of the word had changed over the years.

该句后面一句提到， “museum”一词最初是指(在希腊语中)任何献给缪斯女神的东西：一座山，一座神殿，一个花园、一个节日，或者甚至一本教科书。结合其现在的意思“博物馆”可以推测，第一句话是想说它的意义随时间发生了改变，因此答案为[B]。 [C] the Greeks held different concepts from the Romans.（根据[B]解可排除。） [D] princes and merchants added paintings to their collections.（根据[B]解可排除。）

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学英语 找长喜

26. The idea that museum could mean a mountain or an object originates from [A] the Romans. （根据[D]解可排除。） [B] Florence.（根据[D]解可排除。） [C] Olympia.（根据[D]解可排除。） [D] Greek.

根据文章第二句话可知，“museum”最初在希腊语中指山、神殿、花园、节日或教科书，因此它作为“山或事物”的解释源于希腊语。

27. \ [A] there was a great demand for fakers. （文章未提及。） [B] fakers grew rapidly in number. （文章未提及。） [C] fakers became more skillful.

文章第三段谈到王公贵族和商人们的收藏品引起人们好奇，大量需求从而导致最后一句提到的收藏品数量翻倍，同时也刺激了赝品技术的提高，答案为[C]。 [D] fakers became more polite. （文章未提及。）

28. Painting and sculptures on display in churches in the 15th century were [A] collected from elsewhere.（文章未提及。） [B] made part of the buildings.

文章第四段首句提到，油画和雕塑被认为是建筑物结构和人们生活方式的一部分，因此[B]正确，为答案。

[C] donated by people.（文章未提及。） [D] bought by churches.（文章未提及。）

29. Modern museums came into existence in order to [A] protect royal and church treasures. 文章最后一段第二句提到，人们仇恨皇室和教堂的纪念物，这促使古文物收藏者将文物藏在避难美术馆里，对文物进行了转移保护。之后，在19世纪上半叶，众多现代博物馆纷纷建成。因此现代博物馆主要是用来保护古代皇室和教堂的文物，答案为[A]。

[B] improve existing collections.（文章倒数第二句提到，工匠技艺(以及与之相伴的大众品味)的衰退激励着“有所改进”的收藏品的创作，这与现代博物馆的兴建没有关系。） [C] stimulate public interest.（同[B]解。）

[D] raise more funds.（最后一段第三句是说集资使众多博物馆得以建成，而不是说博物馆是用来集资的。）

30. Which is the main idea of the passage?

[A] Collection and collectors.（文章虽然讲述到收藏品和收藏者，但不是重点。） [B] The evolution of museums.

通篇看来，文章按照时间顺序讲述“museum”的不同含义及不同形式和功能，最后介绍了现代博物馆的建成。因此可以看出，全文是在讲博物馆的进化过程，答案为[B]。

[C] Modern museums and their functions.（文章只有最后一段才提到现代博物馆，因此不能概括文章主题。）

[D] The birth of museums.（文章重点在讲述博物馆的进化过程，而不是它的诞生。）

【语境记忆】

slippery a. (of a situation, topic, problem, etc.) difficult to deal with 令人难以捉摸的，棘手的；滑的；狡猾的，靠不住的

consecrate v. to bring (sth) into religious use 把(某事物)奉献(作宗教用途)；奉献，献身

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