issue整理+提纲+分类+例子

1、政府容忍体现国家民主程度；发达国家，民主政治，发展中国家专制

For example, in the U.S., citizens are enfranchised to vote the president of the whole nation. In addition, even the normal individual can question of the president in most developed countries. 2、容忍促进政府的performance

the president of America, Thomas Jefferson, and I paraphrase that when it falls to him to select government without newspaper, or newspaper without government, he would have no hesitation to select the latter. From this point of view, we can find that the public really have enormous potential and can assist the government.

A telling example is what happened in the Soviet Union. In the 1920s, the government in Soviet Union ignored the welfare of the public, while emphasized merely on the development of industry. The result was the failure of its policy.

3、处理好政府和民众之间的关系：计划生育（伊拉克战争？）

? 93P7人们往往用所在社会团体定义自己，但也要注意自我反省、评价、分析

1、每个人都和一定的社会团体联系在一起，交流中可以让别人明确自己在社会中所处角色 定义自己的学历，提到大学；定义自己的信仰，提到宗教；定义自己的政治倾向，提到党派 2、属于一个团体就要承担其中的职责，为社会贡献力量 志愿者；教师（）

3、属于一个团体不代表自己具有该团体的一切素质，要不断自我反省，认识自己 大学生（个性）

? 141P45同意媒体审查破坏英雄形象，但英雄还是有的 1、媒体审查破坏英雄形象

出自媒体对利益的追逐profits-seeking entities; maximize their profits

Consider Nixon’s Water Gate Scandal, Bill Clinton’s sex scandal, and Kennedy’s ex-marital scandal, each of which become the hottest topic being reported on the media coverage.

If it were not for the mass media scrutiny检查, we would expect that people still regard them as the national hero大众对英雄成功的嫉妒，喜欢看丑闻 2、但真正的英雄尽管有丑闻也会被认可

Clinton is considered to misuse his power in deceiving public about his wrongdoing as well as his undisciplined behavior. However, he is still the model of presidents in American history who play an important role in drawing American economy to the right track and tackling many problems rooted in the American society. 3、媒体宣传和树立英雄

Talk show Bill Gates; singers（达人秀） ? 165P10

1. On the one hand, scandals can sometimes serve to call our attention to pervasive social or

political problems that we would otherwise neglect.

2. On the other hand, scandals can sometimes serve chiefly to distract us from more pressing

community or societal problems.

? 120、P9同意成就造成不满

1、个人对自己要求高，即使获得在别人看来非常巨大的成就，对自己来说还是不满意 Olympic medal winner; Einstein

2、一项巨大的社会成就也会造成不满 automobile; Egyptian Aswan Dam

3、某一国家的政治成就造成其他国家的不满（核武器）

19th century; European countries colonized many small countries in Africa; for digenous people,

discontent

Turning from individual achievements to societal, including political, achievements, the extent to which great achievement have caused discontent often depends on one’s perspective.

? 125P15社会变化的适应能力是人格的重要因素

1、具有优秀人格的成功人士具有不改变原则的适应能力

In the history of the United States, F.D.Franklin, the president who led the country out of the Great Depression in the 1930s-1940s, was a man who managed to adapt to the changing economic climate without sacrificing his principles regarding capitalism.

2、社会习俗变化与个人原则冲突时，如果社会习俗变化不正当，应坚持原则 不道德的商业竞争，欺骗顾客（不正当竞争）

3、社会习俗变化与个人原则冲突时，如果个人原则过时，则应改进原则去适应社会变化 信息时代要求人人都掌握一定技术能力，文科学生要改变自己坚守专业的原则（中国加入世贸组织要求我们更加open to the foreign countries） ? 150P9部分同意

1、肯定伟大国家的第一要素是人民生活好福利好 西方发达国家福利好，伟大，移民

Tang dynasty in China. To be more specific, the improved technology in agriculture help produce vast of food while trades of the silk, the china and the artwork with other countries increase the wealth of its people which upgrades the welfare.

人民生活都保障不了的国家绝对不伟大，即使elite【精英】有成就也毫无意义

For example, India .we have to admit that it is fast development of India during the past century and even it has owning nuclear weapon. However, focusing on high technology and weapon does not ameliorate the situation that much Indians are still living in the lowest level of society. And the peace is still a dream in this country because of divergence between people in religion and nation. India cannot be called a great nation.

2、统治者、艺术家、科学家的成就也是伟大国家的重要因素

谈到一个伟大国家时人们往往会联系到它的elite,他们代表了国家的成就

When people trace back the important historical improvement or comment on today's the development of a nation, they often resort to those who are representative and prompting ones for the reason that the roles they played are irreplaceable in such processes.

And the artists in the Renaissance文艺复兴, such as Vince, Michelangelo etc., were the forerunners of some artistic schools, many of their artworks were today’s classics that constitute the important part of cultural legacies through which a nation defines its cultural identity. Still, who makes China marching on an ever-growing road? The first man that emerges in people's mind is Deng Xiaoping, the designer and the operator of the market economy and opening-up policies. By the same token, when talking about the today’s advanced economic situations that American achieved, the contributions of Clinton and Bush cannot be denied. 3、伟大国家中的统治者、艺术家、科学家要为人民谋福利

For the rulers or the politicians, they should improve people's living standards, safeguard the nation's integrity and people's safety, in a word, they should make their nation more stable, peace, and prosperous; With respect to artists, they should exert their creativity and imagination to make more classic artworks in order to reflect the inner connotations and impulse of a society and ultimately improve people’s spiritual life and bring with them entertainment; When it comes to scientists, what they should is to make the research results conduce to people’s study, life, and work while avoid the potential negative impacts their research may produce.

? 151P9 不一定

1、承认在scientific technology领域，科学家为自己的兴趣而工作，造福了人类（没他不行） Network研究之初仅仅是满足科学家对数据传输的兴趣，造福人类;genetics

2、研究者如果完全凭兴趣研究置public good于不顾，会对社会造成伤害（有他不一定行） The evil deed of chemical scientists in the World War II is a case in point. They simply tried hard to invent chemical weapons to destroy the soldiers of enemy army, without taking so many innocent lives into consideration. Consequently, their efforts for personal interests in chemistry only brought war, starvation, and death to the rest of the world, not beneficial influences at all. 3、在社会科学领域，研究者需要从大众角度出发（博弈论：用于经济领域；囚徒困境） 社会科学是为了解决现实社会生活中的问题，需要从解决问题入手研究，否则无意义，纯理论是空洞没有说服力的，很难对社会有用

? 155P17同意个人创新的存在，但现代更需要合作创新 1、承认历史上有许多个人创新的例子

Van Gogh's painting; Shakespeare's work; Thomas Edison's innovation; Einstein

2、现代社会更强调合作，有许多合作创新的例子team work innovation 现代很多是以project形式来创新的，需要合作（opec）

brainstorming; widely used in management of problem-solving, teamwork and individual work complement with each other. marketing strategies, brainstorm a number of innovative ideas, teamwork more impetus which comes from interactional inspiration and mutual encouragement 3、个人创新和合作创新不能分割开来；合作创新中包含了个人创新（比尔盖茨：提出主干，小的技术开发也需要团队合作）

work out detail过程是合作创新的过程，同时也包含了个人创新，work out the detail of a software project, need the innovation of each team member; project manager, programmer, user-interface designer, saler innovation results from both individual's and team's wisdom ? 179P18 original ideas 可以来自个人也可以来自集体

1、承认个人独立思考时比较自由，不受他人思维影响，因而有独创见解 Einstein relativity, more time think without caring about other's opinions Edison, electonic bulb, keep himself away from other's discouragement 2、许多个人创新也是建立在前人研究基础上的，并非完全个人的创造 Newton, stand on the shoulder of giants; Galileo Alistone

3、尽管团队合作会compromise也会相互enlighten（技术开发：双螺旋结构）

brainstorming; wildely used in management of problem-solving, teamwork and individual work complement with each other. marketing strategies, brainstorm a number of innovative ideas, teamwork more impetus which comes from interactional inspiration and mutual encouragement ? 161P34和personality有一定关系，但更重要的是training 1、careful exact accurate的人和careless对材料解释会有影响 对一个调查结果，仔细的人会看它的有效性（时间）、适用范围、发展趋势 不仔细的人就看表面现象，且随意用到其他方面 2、学术培训影响人们对事物的看法与理解

接受过培训的人会遵照该领域的方法去认识事物，接受不同领域学术培训的人对同一事物看法不同；看一个艺术作品，business students; history students; art students（一千个人有一千种哈姆雷特）

3、即使同一个学术领域，不同专长的人接受的特殊培训不同，因而对事物看法也不同

dropout student; educational economics; education administration; pedagogics specialists;

educational policy（对于教育界的改革：大学扩招；素质教育） ? 188P18部分同意

1、人们的衣着反映他们的态度以及社会 三种西装：美版；欧版；日版

Consider the Americans and people from the Arab world. People from America prefer the casual and relaxing apparel such as the jeans or T-shirts which reveals their attitudes of neat and convenience and their extrovert racial character, while the latter-Arabians always wear the black clothes and the veils especially in case of their women-those features of appearance expose the significant role the religious doctrines play in their daily life.

2、衣着与行为不完全代表一个社会的价值观，还需要history, the culture

全球化背景下，人们的衣着与行为在趋同，不能完全体现社会价值（正式的社交场合大家都穿西装，体现不出不同社会的价值观特点Chinese obedient conservative; American individuality open-minded）

It is necessary for us to get to know the history, the culture, the economy, and the politics of this society.

3、人们的行为反映他们的态度及社会 Youth culture

American people are more likely to hug with each other when they meet after separated for a long time, this warm hug rooted in the freedom and open mind of America civilization.

English people behave in a genteel, respectful and courteous manner toward one another, values human dignity

Japanese people tend to work long hours, diligence, will power and strong conviction ? 77、P36承认政治影响人们的生活，有积极的也有消极的 1、政治影响日常生活

interest rate decrease, draw money from the bank; increase ... birth control policy; policy that encourage procreation technology in education

2、政治对生活的消极影响

Vietnam's War越南战争 is totally unworthy. Several ten thousands of American army buried in there, and gained nothing. Even American won the war, which it is hard to say that who would be benefited from it. The political decisions influences us so much that no matter what do they bring to us, it seems that we have to accepted and have not chances.

We are destined to bear the consequence brought by political decisions. Especially when the Japanese city Hiroshima was destroyed by atomic bomb, or when the German city Berlin was split into two, people learn that political decisions are responsible for these humanitarian disasters. 3、政治对生活的积极影响

Education, medical care, legislation and countless others we took for granted enable us to develop. medical care insurance program in China enter WTO reduce tariff关税

And frequent international collaboration nowadays is a sign indicating that Hiroshima and Berlin tragedies are much less likely to replay. international society has lent an helping hand to Indian people who suffered from the aftermath of the tsunami海啸 in the Indian Ocean（改成汶川大地震）

? 103P37短期观察难以反映