(精编)2020年高考英语语法必考考点(2)冠词(含解析)

2019年高考英语语法必考考点（2）：冠词含解析

李仕才

【考点解读】

高考对冠词的考查每年至少有一道题，单项选择一般设两空，以增加覆盖面和难度。考生在冠词试题上失分较多，主要是缺乏语感，对一些知识点掌握不够透彻。高考冠词主要考查其基本用法，包括定冠词与不定冠词的区别用法、名词前省略冠词的场合、特指与泛指的区分以及习语中冠词的用法等。

考点一、 考查不定冠词a / an表示个别或泛指的用法。 (1) 用在可数名词前表示“一个”，含义上相当于“one”。

如：The development of industry has been a gradual process throughout human existence, from stone tools to modern technology.

(2) 与单数可数名词连用，表示某一类人或事物；亦可泛指某一类人或事物中的“任何一个”。

如：It is generally accepted that a boy must learn to stand up and fight like a man.

(3) 用在抽象名词或物质名词前，表示“一种，一次，一类”等意义。 如：He had a strong dislike for cold weather. (4) 用在序数词前，表示“再一，又一”。

如：He missed the gold in the high jump, but will get a second chance in the long jump.

(5) 用在专有名词前，相当于“一位，一个，某位，某个”或“……式的人”。 如：Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be a Picasso. (6) 用在季节、月份、星期或节日的名词前，表示某个特定的季节、月份、日子或节日。 如：The accident happened on a rainy Sunday towards the end of July.

考点二、 考查定冠词the特指某一个人或事物的用法。 (1) 用于特指一定的人、事物或上下文提到的人、事物。

如：I woke up with a bad headache, yet by the evening the pain had gone.

(2) 在表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如： The moon turns around the earth. Drivers always sit on the left of buses.

(3) 在单数名词前，表示某一类别或某项发明。如：The tiger is a dangerous animal. (4) 在由普通名词构成的专有名词前及表示江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛等的名词前。如：We are said to be living in the Information Age, a time of new discoveries and great changes.

(5) 在序数词前、形容词最高级前或用于特指“两者中较……的一个”。

如：As is known to all, the People’s Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world.

(6) 在方位名词前、某些习惯用语或表示时间的词组中。

如：on the left, in the east / west, on the other hand, in the end, the other day等。

(7) 在形容词前表示一类人或事物。

如：the poor / rich / young / dying / good / unknown等。 (8) 在姓氏复数形式前，表示全家人或夫妇二人。 如：The Smiths are sitting at the table. (9) 在表示度量单位的名词前，表示“每一”。如：

—It’s said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 a year. —Right, he will also get paid by the week. 口诀记忆the的用法：

特指熟悉与复述，独一无二全用the。 方位乐器名词前，序数形最乐位惯。 复数姓氏与专有，习惯用语最后添。

考点三、 考查零冠词的用法。

(1) 复数名词表泛指时，其前不加冠词。如：

The Smiths don’t usually like staying at hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by the sea.

(2) 可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格时，其前不用冠词。

如：Jack’s English book is lying on his desk.

(3) 专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词和表示人名、地名等的名词前，通常不用冠词。 如：Sarah looked at the finished painting with satisfaction.

(4) 表示季节、月份、星期、节日、一日三餐的名词前，以及表示体育运动项目、学科、运输或通讯方式等的名词前，通常不用冠词。

如：We’re going to watch a match on Sunday.

(5) 表示职务、头衔的名词作表语、同位语、补足语等时，其前不用冠词。

如：Sam has been appointed manager of the engineering department to take place of George.

考点四、 考查冠词的固定搭配 1. 不定冠词用于短语搭配中。

(1) “have/take＋a(n)＋与动词同形的名词”，表示动作的一次。 have/take a rest休息一会儿 have/take a look看一下 have/take a bath洗个澡

(2) “go out for a(n)＋名词”，表示从事某项活动。 go out for an outing去郊游 go out for a picnic去野餐 (3) 用在某些固定词组中。

as a matter of fact; in a hurry; in a word; a waste of; in a way; come to an end; all of a sudden; have a(n)...knowledge of; have a(n)...understanding/grasp /feeling of，go out for a walk, have a good time, make a difference, make a living, have an idea of, have a good knowledge of等。

如：I don’t understand what the engineer means, but I’ve got a rough idea of the project plan.

(7)

2. 定冠词用于固定搭配。

in the morning; on the other hand; on the contrary; on the air; in the end; come to the point; the ABC of...

3. 在一些固定短语中，名词前不用冠词。

at night; at home; day after day; by telephone; in danger; on purpose; out of control; under＋n.; be home to, at dawn, on second thoughts, come to light, come to power, give birth to, out of control, in public, ahead of time, in debt, hand in hand, in place of, do harm to等。

【真题分析】 一、单项选择

1. (2016·浙江) ______prize for the winner of the competition is ______two-week holiday in Paris.

A. The ; 不填 B. A ; 不填 C. A ; the D. The ; a 【答案】D

2. (2015·陕西) more learned a man is, more modest be usually become.

A. The; the B. A; a C. The ; a D. A; the 【答案】A

【解析】考查冠词。试题分析：句意：一个人越有学识，他就越可能更谦虚。使用the +比较级+主谓， the +比较级+主谓的句型，所以选A。

3. (2015·浙江) Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write children’s book for many years, but one thing or another always got in way.

A. a; 不填 B. the; the C. 不填; the D. a; the

【答案】D

【解析】考查冠词。试题分析:句意：多年来，简的奶奶想写一本有关于儿童的书，但总是被这样或那样的原因阻碍了。第一空使用不定冠词表泛指，第二个 in the way是固定搭配，意为挡道或阻碍。定冠词用于特指或者是固定搭配，不定冠词用于泛指。选D

4. (2015·四川) Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be Beethoven.