高中英语语法个人复习总结：复合句

复 合 句

概念：复合句又称主从复合句，由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成，

主句为句子的主体，从句不能独立，只能做句子的一个成分。 从句担任什么句子成分，这个从句就叫该成分的从句。 根据从句在句中的作用，可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。 一、名词性从句

名词性从句相当于名词，可作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句四种。 (从属连词：用来连接主句和从句的连词称为从属连词) 从 属 连接词：that/whether/if 不充当从句的任何成分 连 词 连接代词：who/whom/whose、what、which当主/宾/表/定语 (标签) 连接副词：when/where/how/why 充当从句的状语 ? 主语从句 1. 由连接词引导

eg: That the earth turns around the sun is known to all. Whether he will come or not is not yet known. 2. 由连接代词引导

eg: Who will go is not important. What we need is more practice. 3. 由连接副词引导

eg: Where the meeting will be held hasn’t been decided. When he will return is an important question.

4. 另外也可以用it作形式主语，主语从句作真正主语放句子后面 eg: It’s a pity that she has made such a foolish mistake.

It’s reported that three people were killed in the traffic

accident.

It doesn’t matter whether he will come or not. ? 表语从句 1. 由连接词引导

eg: The question is whether we should ask them for help. 2. 由连接代词引导

eg: China is not what it used to be. 3. 由连接副词引导

eg: That is why he didn’t pass the exam.

4. 表语从句还可以由as if /as though/ as/because来引导 eg: It looks as if it were going to rain. Things are not always as they seem to be. It’s because you eat too much. ? 宾语从句

宾语从句在复合句中作及物动词、介词、形容词的宾语。 I think that watching TV too much is bad for people’s health. I wonder=want to know if you can do me a favour. I wonder why he refused my invitation.

He asked me whose handwriting is the best in the class. I don’t know which school he is in.

The teacher is pleased with what he has said. I always think of how I can improve my English. I’m afraid that I can’t accept your invitation.

We are glad that our football team has won the match. 另外也可以用it作形式宾语，宾语从句作真正宾语放句子后面 eg: I find it necessary that we should ask him for advice.

? 同位语从句

同位语从句一般放在某些抽象名词如：fact/ news/ idea/ thought/ advice/ suggestion/ truth/ hope/ problem/ question/ information/ order/ belief/ doubt/ fear等的后面，说明该名词的具体内容。

eg: The news that he has been elected president of the United States is

true. I have no idea when he will be back. ? 名词性从句需注意的几个问题 1. 名词性从句用陈述语气 eg: I don’t know where he has gone.

2. 名词性从句中的宾语从句其引导词that可以省略

eg: I think (that) watching TV too much is bad for people’s health.

3. 名词性从句中的宾语从句为介宾时，不用which引导， 而用what 引 导而用what 引导。 eg: Are you sorry for what you have done? 4. 用whether而不用if表“是否”的情况 ① 用来引导主语从句放句首

eg: Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t decided yet. ② 用来引导表语从句和同位从句

eg: The question is whether the film is worth seeing.

eg: The news whether our team has won the match is unknown. ③ 作介词宾语，介词有时可以省略

eg: It all depends (on) whether they will support us.

④ 后面直接跟不定式时

eg: He doesn’t know whether to stay or not.

⑤ 后面跟or not

eg: We didn’t know whether she was ready or not. 二、 定语从句

定语从句起定语作用，修饰句中的名词或代词，被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。

从属 关系代词：who/whom/whose/which/that/as当主/宾/定语

连词 关系副词：wh en/where/why 充当从句的状语 1、 先行词为人时，从属连词在句中作主语：who/that

作宾语：whom/that/who(可省略)

eg: This is the man who/that helped me.

The doctor (whom/that) you are looking for is in the room. 2、 先行词为物时，从属连词在句中作主语：which/that

作宾语：which/that(可省略)

eg: The building which/that stands near the river is our school. This is the book (which/that) you need. 3、 先行词为时间时，从属连词在句中作状语：when

作宾语：which/that(可省略)

eg: I will never forget the day when I met Mr. Liu.

I will never forget the day (which/that) we spent together. 4、 先行词为地点时，从属连词在句中作状语：where

作宾语：which/that(可省略)

eg: This is the factory where my father once worked. This is the factory (which/that) we visited last week. 5、 先行词为原因时，从属连词在句中作状语：why

作宾语：which/that(可省略)