高考总复习 状语从句

考点四、目的状语从句

引导目的状语从句的连词有：so, so that, in order that, that, to the end that, in case, for fear that, lest等。目的状语从句中谓语通常使用情态动词can, could, may, might, should, would等。

1. so that引导目的状语从句时，在非正式语体中可省略that。如： We’ll sit nearer the front so we can hear better.

2. in order that表示经过精心策划的目的，有时可与so that互换。如： Come early in order that/so that you may see him. 3. to the end that “以便，为??起见”，同in order that/so that。如： He studied hard to the end that he might pass the entrance examination. 4. in case“以防”。in case后面的从句可使用一般现在时表示将来，或使用一般过去时表示过去的将来，还可以和其他的目的状语从句一样，有一个表推定性的情态动词，in case从句可使用should，但should可以省略。

Take your raincoat in case it rains.

He left early in case he (should) miss the last train. 注意

（1）in case可引导条件状语从句，翻译成“万一”“如果” （2）in case可看作是副词性短语，表示“以防万一”。如： It may not rain, but you’d better take an umbrella in case. （3）in case of作为介词短语可有如下用法： a. 表条件，意为“万一”。如：

In case of fire, ring the alarm bell, please. 如有火灾，请按警铃。 b. 表目的，意为“以防”。如： Keep an umbrella in case of rain. 5. for fear (that) “以免（= lest）“生怕””。从句中也常借助于情态动词should, might, would, may等。如：

I dare not go there for fear that he might see me.

He put his money in the safe for fear that it should be stolen. 注意

目的状语从句可以用so as to, in order to等不定式代替，但主句和从句的主语必须一致。如：

He ran fast so as to arrive there before ten o’clock.

考点五、结果状语从句

引导结果状语从句的连词有so…that, such…that, so that, with the result that等。 1. so…that如此??以至于??如：

The train was so full that I could hardly turn around. 注意

在非正式英语中so或that有时可以省去。如： She was so happy (that) she actually cried.

The wind was (so) strong that he could hardly move forward. 2. so that (引导的从句常用逗号与主句隔开) 在非正式英语中so或that可省去。如：

Nothing more was heard of him, so that people thought that he was dead. 3. such…(that)

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He made such an excellent speech (that) everyone admired him. 4. but (that)

“否定词+so/such…but (that)”句型中，but that从句也可以看作是结果状语从句，but (that) = that…not。如：

No one is so old but he may learn.

5. with the result that所以，结果是。如：

I was in the bath, with the result that I didn’t hear the telephone. 注意

（1）so…that与such…that的区别：

so为副词，修饰形容词、副词，不用来修饰名词；such为形容词，用来修饰名词。 结构a：so + 形容词

so + 形容词+ a/an + 单数名词 so + 副词

so many/few + 复数名词 so much/little + 不可数名词

little译作“小，可爱”时，常用such。如：

He is such a little boy hat his parents often teach him something. 结构b：such a/an + 形容词 + 单数名词 such + 形容词 + 复数名词 such + 形容词+ 不可数名词

It is such nice weather that I don’t like to stay at home.

There were so many people in the room that we could not get in.

= There were such a lot of people in the room that we could not get in. （2）…be such that…

such在此句型中单独使用，表示程度之高。如： His bad behavior was such that everyone disliked him.

（3）so that引导的目的状语从句与so that引导的结果状语从句

a. 目的状语从句一般使用情态动词，结果状语从句一般不使用情态动词； b. 结果状语从句只能放在句末；

c. 结果状语从句常常用逗号与主句分开。

I’ll wash the dress soon so that you can wear it tomorrow.

The roof had fallen in, so that the hut was out of use. 屋顶塌陷，所以小屋已经不能住了。 （4）so…that与so…as such…that与such…as

This is so heavy a stone/such a heavy stone that no one can lift it. （结果状语从句）

This is so heavy a stone/such a heavy stone as no one can life. （定语从句，as为关系代词，作life的宾语）

考点六、条件状语从句

引导条件状语从句的连词有：

if, unless, if only, in case, suppose/supposing (that), provided/providing (that)只要，假若, on condition that要是，在??条件下, so/as long as, (let’s/let us) say假设

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1. if, unless及if only, only if

If it is fine next Sunday, we shall have a spring outing. If I had enough money, I would buy the car.

You will not pass the exam unless you study hard. = You will not pass the exam if you don’t study hard. If only he has a chance, he will do great things. = As long as

If only I were rich. (可用于虚拟语气，意思是“但愿”) I will come only if you promise not to invite Mary. 注意

（1）unless不用于虚拟条件句中

（2）unless与if…not常常可以互换，unless语气较强 在unless引导的从句中，谓语不能再用否定式。如： I will go there tomorrow unless it rains/if it doesn’t rain. 2. so/as long as

so long as 和 as long as用作连词，表示“只要，如果”。如： I’m happy as long as you are happy.

So long as there are people, the restaurant is open. 注意

as long as可以用于同级比较，此时只有在否定句中可以换用so long as。如： This rope is as long as that one.

That bridge is not as/so long as this one. 3. in case表示“万一”“如果”。如： In case he comes, let me know.

Sound the alarm bell in case a fire breaks out. 注意

in case可引导目的状语从句，“以防”。 4. once引导条件状语从句，“一旦??”如： Once you need my help, please call me. 5. suppose/supposing (that) 假定??

它们常用来提出一个假定的条件，询问可能的解决办法或可能出现的情况。故主句多为疑问句。如：

Suppose/supposing he can’t come, who will do the work. Suppose/supposing it rains tomorrow, what shall we do? 注意

若假定的条件是不能实现的，就用虚拟语气。

Suppose you were in the same condition, what would you do? 6. (let’s/let us) say“假设”，用法与suppose/supposing 基本相同。如： Say it were true, what would you do?

Let’s say you didn’t know me, would you help me?

7. provided/providing (that) 在??条件下，以??为条件

它们引导的条件从句提出规定的条件，主句内容只有在该条件实现的情况下，才能成为现实。（provided较为常用）。如：

We’ll visit Europe next year, provided/providing we have the money.

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8. on condition (that) 以??为条件，在??条件下

on condition (that) 与 provided/providing (that)相同，也是强调条件的提出。如： I’ll allow you to go swimming on condition that you don’t go too far from the bank.

9. “祈使句+and/or/or else/otherwise”引导的结果句，祈使句在意义上实际上相当于条件状语从句。如：

Use your head, and you will find a way. Hurry up, or/or else/otherwise you’ll be late.

考点七、方式状语从句

1. 引导方式状语从句的词或词组有：as (像??一样，正如??)；as if/as though (好像，

宛如)。如：

He spoke as if he had been there before. Just as water is to fish, so air is to man. 注意

A is to B what water C is to D. 是一个固定句型，意为“A对B而言正如C对D一样”。如：

Air is to us what water is to fish.

Reading is to mind what food is to the body.

2. as if, as though引导的从句若与事实相反，用虚拟语气；若与事实相符，不用虚拟语气。如：

She looks as if she is going to cry. I remember as if it were yesterday,

3. as it is/was 用在句首时，用来陈述真实的情况，可译为“事实上，实际情况是”。 用在句末时，常表示“按原来的样子，照现在的样子”，若前面的名词为复数，则应该为as they are/were。如：

I thought conditions would get better, but as it is they are getting worse. 我原以为情况会好转，但事实上反而更糟了。 Leave it as it is.

State the facts as they are. 按照实际情况把事实摆出来。

4. as it were用作插入语，表示“仿佛，好像，可以说是”时，不可改为as it is (was)。如：

He is, as it were, a walking dictionary.

The sky is covered, as it were, with a black curtain.

考点八、让步状语从句

1. though和although 虽然，尽管。如：

Though/Although it was very hot, he kept on working.

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