英语专业大一泛读（刘乃银版）附加阅读练习（带答案）

B. privacy C. freedom D. diligence

4. What does the author think of the problems facing the American families now? A. They will become even worse because of the ever-increasing social pressure.

B. They will be solved sooner or later because more and more people come to realize them. C. They will exist along with the society because every culture has the same problem. D. They will remain all the time because they are part of the family life. 5. What does the author suggest at the end of the passage? A. Thanksgiving should be settled as an everyday holiday. B. Americans should find more holidays to celebrate.

C. It‘s better for family members to care more for each other. D. Other countries should learn form the United States.

Passage 12 (Unit 12, Book I: On the Wrong Side of the Global Divide. Informational. Minority and Disadvantaged group)

The level of discrimination has varied enormously in the history of human societies, from genocide where ethnics are killed off through expulsion and, when these extreme forms of discrimination are not possible, through segregation in a ghetto and a narrow range of jobs.

One type of ethnic minority is lower class. Here disproportionate numbers of a population are isolated in slum housing tracts and pushed into the lowest-paying occupations such that they are in the poverty classes of a society. African-Americans have suffered this fate in the United States. Another type of ethnic minority created by discrimination is the middleman minority where members are segregated but, at the same time, allowed to occupy a narrow range of entrepreneurial and professional economic positions which give them some affluence. For example, Jews in feudal and early modern Europe often occupied high positions in banking and finance; and many Asian immigrants in America today have moved into small business niches.

What determines which type of a minority an ethnic population will become? One important condition is the resources – money, entrepreneurial know-how, educational credentials – that a population can mobilize. When ethnics have some resources, they can more readily move into intermediary minority positions and live a more middle-class life style. But resources are not the only factor; another is the absolute size of an ethnic population. A small minority with resources can more easily find intermediary niches than a large one, for the simple reason that there are not enough small-business positions for a large population. A large ethnic population will, therefore, be pushed to lower niches especially if their resources are limited and, as a result, their ability to fight off discrimination is low. African-Americans have suffered this fate: They are too large a group to fill middlemen minority positions, and they have insufficient resources to overcome discrimination. Indeed, what often happens is that members of a large minority who can mobilize resources – say, educational credentials – move into middle-class positions, leaving behind their fellow ethnics. For example, many blacks in America have made dramatic strides in moving to the middle-classes in the post-Civil Rights era, but the fate of the vast majority of blacks in the lower classes has remained the same, or worsened over the last twenty-five years. Black America itself is thus divided by large class differences.

1. Which of the following is the correct description of ―genocide‖?

A. It is a place where ethnics are discriminated. B. It is an extreme form of ethnic discrimination. C. It is manifested by means of segregation. D. It is the earliest discrimination in history.

2. How were the Jews in feudal and early modern Europe discriminated?

A. They were isolated in living in slum housing tracts.

B. Only the lowest-paying occupations were available to them. C. Only very few high-paying professions were open to them. D. They suffered the same fate as the African-Americans.

3. The Asian Americans are classified as the middleman minority mainly because __________.

A. their population is smaller than that of the African Americans B. they are not discriminated as severely as the African Americans C. they cannot go beyond small business D. they are a small minority with resources

4. What is most likely to happen to the large ethnic minority, according to the last paragraph?

A. All its members have to stay in the lower class.

B. It is hard for its members to enter the middleman class. C. There is obvious class division in the group itself. D. There is no way for them to overcome discrimination.

5. Which of the following factor determines one‘s chance to move into the middle class?

A. The population of the group one is in. B. One‘s ability to make use of resources. C. One‘s educational background. D. The severity of discrimination.

Passage 13 (Unit 13, Book I: Your College Experience. Informational. Education)

When they advise your kids to ―get an education‖ if you want to raise your income, they tell you only half the truth. What they really mean is to get just enough education to provide man power for your society, but not too much that you prove an embarrassment to your society.

Get a high school diploma, at least. Without that, you are occupationally dead, unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison and you can successfully drop out in grade school.

Get college degree, if possible. With a B.A., you are on the launching pad. But now you have to start to put on the brakes. If you go for a master‘s degree, make sure it is a M.B.A., and only from a first-rate university. Beyond this, the famous law of diminishing returns begins to take effect.

Do you know, for instance, that long-hand truck drivers earn more a year than full professors? Yes, the average salary for those truckers was $24,000, while the full professors managed to average just $23, 930.

A Ph.D. is the highest degree you can get, but except in a few specialized fields such as physics or chemistry, where the degree can quickly be turned to industrial or commercial purposes, you are facing a dim future. There are more Ph.D.s unemployed or underemployed in this country than in any other part of the world by far. If you become a doctor of philosophy in

English or history or anthropology or political science or languages or – worst of all – in philosophy, you run the risk of becoming overeducated for our national demands. Not for our needs, mind you, but for our demands.

Thousands of Ph.D.s are selling shoes, driving cabs, waiting on tables and filling out fruitless applications month after month. And then maybe taking a job in some high school or backwater college that pays much less than the janitor earns.

You can equate the level of income with the level of education only so far. Far enough, that is, to make you useful to the gross national product, but not so far that nobody can turn much of a profit on you.

1. By mentioning Bernard Shaw and Thomas Edison, the author means to support the idea that

__________.

A. one‘s chance to succeed has nothing to do with education B. many talented people become successful without education C. few people can be successful without a high school education D. people as famous as them will succeed without proper education 2. The law of diminishing returns is manifested by the fact that __________.

A. the elder generations earn less than their children‘s generations B. ordinary truck drivers have to work harder than full professors C. a college diploma is more promising than a high school diploma D. people with a B. A. earn more than those with a doctor‘s degree

3. It is indicated in the passage that it is most likely for the Ph. D.s in philosophy to be

__________.

A. of little commercial value B. not needed by the society

C. difficult to succeed in their profession D. unable to satisfy the country‘s demand

4. Your income can parallel your education only when __________.

A. you are not a Ph. D. in liberals arts B. you get no more than college education

C. what you learn is practical but not theoretical

D. what you learn is not beyond the national demands

5. The author suggests that it‘s satisfactory enough for one to get __________.

A. a high school diploma B. a college degree C. a master‘s degree D. a doctor‘s degree

Passage 14 (Unit 14, Book I: The Confidence Game. Keys to success)

Hazel asks how one can stay healthy working the hours I've been working. Here's one thing that helps: don't do it forever! My work is always more than forty hours a week, but these periods of never stopping and sleep deprivation don't go on for very long at a time. The last five weeks or so have been particularly busy, and the last two before a major vote especially so.

Most organizers, under the pressure, resort to bad coping mechanisms like overeating,

smoking, or drinking too much. It's so easy to think that a quick fix like that will make you feel better, when in the long run it makes you feel worse. I found that keeping low calorie really helped me maintain my mental focus in the last days. There's something about eating just on the lighter side of what I really need that makes me calmer and sharper.

Planning is really the key. We made the appetizing muffins over the July 4th weekend, and they were really a health-saver in these last two weeks. Being able to pull a 275 calorie package of perfectly zoned yumminess out of the freezer, engineered to have 27% of the RDA (Recommended daily allowance) of everything, made grabbing healthy food in a hurry easy. I had appetizing muffins for breakfasts on most days with such toppings as hot sauce, mustard, and fat free cream cheese. I really enjoy this little bread, so I felt like I was feasting instead of feeling deprived. Since my husband packs my lunch time salad, filled with an amazing array of greens that pack a nutritional punch along with pumpkin seeds for zinc and fat and eggwhites for protein, I had lunches taken care of. And I was lucky enough to be working in a place that has a convenient Subway, so Subway salads and low carb wraps were always available. Subway can really be a blessing to the health conscious on the run.

The good news is: WE WON!!! And we won big. 272 votes for us, 128 for the other union, and only 19 for no union at all. It was a fight up until the end, including threats of violence from the other union. Don't worry, Mommies and Daddies out there. I was very careful never to be alone anywhere, I am being extra cautious. Our leaders inside the hospital were under a ton of pressure as they got attacked by both management and the other union, but so many of their co-workers were supportive that they held up beautifully. Now they finally have a chance to negotiate a contract that gets them the kind of salaries, benefits and working conditions they deserve. It's about time.

I'm off to a meeting to plan next steps... the fun never ends!

1. In order to stay healthy while working busily, the author suggests that __________.

A. we should work no more than forty hours a week B. we should try to get rid of the working pressure

C. we should try to avoid sleep deprivation and fast food D. we should stop working and make up for sleep at times 2. The author keeps low calorie by __________.

A. excluding greasy food from her diet B. eating less than necessary C. taking up a nutritious recipe

D. having no more than three meals a day 3. What did the author eat for supper?

A. Salad and low carb wraps bought in the Subway. B. Appetizing muffins with diverse toppings.

C. Green salad with pumpkin seeds and eggwhites. D. A nutritional punch prepared by her husband. 4. Being an organizer, the author works for __________.

A. an election committee B. a charity fund C. a labor union