2012届高考英语语法精讲精练-冠词[学生版]

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2012届新课标高三第二轮专题讲解

冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。

1.指一类人或事，相当于a kind of A plane is a machine that can fly. 2.第一次提及某人某物，非特指

A boy is waiting for you.有个男孩在等你。 3.表示“每一”相当于every，one We study eight hours a day. 4.表示“相同”相当于the same We are nearly of an age.

5.用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事 —Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?

—Sorry, wrong number. There isn't______ Mr. Smith here. A. 不填 B. a C. the D. one That boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷锋） 6.用于固定词组中

a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time 7.用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后 This room is rather a big one.

8.用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后

She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet. 9.用于抽象名词具体化的名词前

success(抽象名词)→a success(具体化) 成功的人或事

a failure 失败的人或事 a shame 带来耻辱的人或事 a pity 可惜或遗憾的事 a must 必需必备的东西 a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知识 10.与序数词连用，表示“又一，再一”。

In order to find a better job, he decided to study a second foreign language. 为了找到一个更好的工作，他决定再学习另外一门外语。

1.表示某一类人或物

In many places in China, ___ bicycle is still ___ popular means of transportation. A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the; the 2.用于世上独一无二的事物名词前

the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean

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3.表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事 Would you mind opening the door? 4.用于演奏乐器

play the violin, play the guitar 5.用于形容词和分词前表示一类人 the reach, the living, the wounded 6.表示“一家人”或“夫妇”（对比上文的不定冠词用法5） —Could you tell me the way to ____ Johnsons, please? —Sorry, we don’t have ____ Johnson here in the village. A. the; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; / 7.用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前 He is the taller of the two children.

8.用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前

the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French 9.用于表示发明物的单数名词前 The compass was invented in China.

10.在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代 in the 1990’s(二十世纪九十年代) 11.用于表示度量单位的名词前 I hired the car by the hour.

12.用于方位名词，身体部位名词 He patted me on the shoulder. 13.与比较级和最高级连用

①比较级+ and +比较级表示“越来越??” The harder he works, the happier he feels.

②表示两者间“较??的一个”比较级前加the。 Who is the older of the tow boys?

③三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the + 最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。 Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.

1.专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前 Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air

2.名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制 I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this? 3.季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前 March, Sunday, National Day, spring 4.表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前

Lincoln was made President of America. 5.表示球类，棋类等运动的名词前 He likes playing football/chess. 6.与by连用表示交通方式的名词前

We went right round to the west coast by ______ sea instead of driving across ______

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continent.

A. the; the B.不填；the C. the; 不填 7.以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时

husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night 8.表示泛指的复数名词前 Horses are useful animals.

冠词一般放在名词之前，名词之前若有形容词，冠词放在形容词之前。下列情况例外：�� 1.不定冠词用于下列副词加形容词之后：as, how, however, so, too等。 如：He is as good a soldier as he was.他和以前一样是个好士兵。�� 2.不定冠词置于such, what, many, not, too,much of等之后。 如：Many a little pickle makes a nickel.积少成多。��

3.定冠词通常放在all, both, double, exactly, just等词之后。 如：I offered him double the amount，but he still refused.��

4.不定冠词常用于quite和rather之后，但如果另有形容词修饰时，不定冠词既可放在第二位，也可放在第一位，但最常见的仍是第二位。 如：She is quite a woman.她真是个女人。��

It was quite/rather a cold day.很冷的一天(同 It was a quite/rather cold day.)�� 5.当名词前的比较级被no，all，far，much等修饰时，也要后置。 如：He is no less a man than the President.�� 6.定冠词要放在half, twice, much等之后。

如：He paid twice the price for it. 他花了两倍的钱买了它。��

7.如果名词被副词hardly，scarcely，barely，exactly所修饰，或和一个形容词共同修饰时，冠词要放在上述副词之后、形容词之前。如：This is hardly a right thing to do. 这几乎是不能做的事。

冠词是历年高考的常考点。主要考查冠词在具体语境中的运用，考查内容包括定冠词和不定冠词的用法区别，名词前不用冠词的情况，特指与泛指以及习语中的冠词用法。

①How about taking_____short break? I want to make_____call.

A. the; a B. a; the C. the; the D. a; a 【解析】

②Christmas is_____special holiday when_____whole family are supposed to get together. A. the; the B. a; a C. the; a D. a; the 【解析】

①I looked under_____bed and found books I lost last week.

A. the; a B. the；the C. 不填；the D. the; 不填 【解析】

②I like_____color of your skirt. It is good match for your blouse.

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D. 不填；不填

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A. a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the 【解析】

①George couldn’t remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was Sunday because everybody was at church.

A. /; the B. the; / C. a; / D. /; a 【解析】

②Many people have come to realize that they should go on_____balanced diet and makeroom in their day for exercise.

A. a; / B. the; a C. the; the D. /; a 【解析】

①Many people have come to realize that they should go on balanced diet and make room in their day for exercise.�� A.a;不填 B.the; a C.the; the D.不填; a�� 【解析】

②—How about _____Christmas evening party? —I should say it was _____success.

A. a; a B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填 【解析】

①We went right round to the west coast by sea instead of driving across continent. A. the; the B.不填;the C. the; 不填 D.不填;不填 【解析】 ②George couldn’t remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was

Sunday because

everybody was at church. A./; the B. the; / C. a; / D./; a 【解析】

类似的词组：

by day在白天 by the day按天计算

in case of以防 in the case of就??来说 in charge of负责，管理 in the charge of由??负责 in office执政 in the office在办公室 in sight(of)看见 in the sight(of)在??看来 go to sea去当水手 go to the sea到海边去 out of question毫无疑问 out of the question不可能 take advice征求意见 take the advice听从劝告 be of age成年 be of all age同龄

go to church去做礼拜 go to the church去教堂 in prison坐牢 in the prison在监狱

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