重点词语辨析900例

第二部分 重点词语辨析900例

匹配（go常与with连用）。例如：

例349：The coat doesn’t suit you; it’s too dark. 例350：The coat doesn’t fit you; it’s too small. 例351：The coat doesn’t do for you; it’s too small.

例352：The color of the tie doesn’t match / go with that of your shirt. 例353：A good teacher suits his lessons to the age of his pupils.

(好教师授课力求适合学生的年龄。)

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72．surprise / astonish / shock

surprise，astonish和shock都有“惊讶，惊愕”的意思。它们的语气逐渐加强，astonish和shock分别是“十分惊讶”和“震惊”的意思。例如： 例354：What surprised me most was that he was late again.

例355：We were astonished to learn that he failed in the exam, as he was so excellent. 例356：The earthquake and tsunami in the Indian Ocean shocked the whole world.

（这次印度洋地震和海啸震惊全世界。）

73．take one’s place / take the place of / take place take one’s place：就座，就位。相当于take one’s seat。例如：

例357：Please take your places; we are ready to begin our class.

take sb’s place / take the place of sb：替代（某人）。例如： 例358：The manager is going on business. Who can take his place?

(=Who can take the place of the manager?)

例359：Nothing can take the place of a wheel. （没有什么能取代轮子。）

take place：发生，举行。无被动结构。例如：

例360：Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past five years. 例361：A class meeting is to take place tomorrow afternoon.

74．try to do / manage to do try to do：试图、企图做某事（未必成功）。相当于attempt to do。例如： 例362：They tried to push the door open but failed.

manage to do：成功、设法做某事。相当于succeed in doing。例如： 例363：I just managed to get there in time.

例364：In spite of the storm, he managed to get here in time.

75．visit / call / see / drop in visit：拜访，访问；参观。可表示正式的访问或朋友间或亲戚间的拜访。例如： 例365：At present, they are visiting all parts of the country.

see 看望，探望。用于非正式的而且是熟人之间的拜访。例如： 例366：“I’ve just arrived by train,” she said. “I’m coming to see you.”

·84· 第二部分 重点词语辨析900例

call：拜访，走访。call on接某人作宾语，call at接某地作宾语。例如： 例367：I called on him yesterday, but he could not help us. 例368：He called at every house in the street once a month.

drop in：顺便走访。drop in on接某人当宾语，drop in at接某地当宾语。例如： 例369：On our way home, we dropped in on the Greens. 比较： 例370：On our way home, we dropped in at the Greens’.

76．wait / expect wait：等待。指动作上等待。例如： 例371：Wait a moment, please.

例372：I have been waiting for him for half an hour.

expect：等待，期盼。指心理上期盼。例如： 例373：We are expecting a letter from Li Hua. 例374：Father has been expecting you.

77．win / beat / defeat

win：赢，获得。指赢得比赛或奖项。例如： 例375：Class One won (in the match). 例376：Class One won the match. 例377：Class One won the first prize.

beat：击败，战胜。指战胜对手。例如： 例378：Class One beat Class Two (in the match).

defeat：击败，战胜（常指比较激烈场合，如战争）；使失败（指希望、计划等）。如： 例379：The north defeated the south in the war. 例380：Our hopes were defeated at last.

例381：I defeated / beat him in the contest and won the prize.

78．would / used to do / be used to / get used to would：习惯于。只可表示过去的习惯性动作，不表示过去存在的状态。例如： 例382：I would get up early and go fishing.

例383：Sometimes we would sit and listen to her play the piano．

used to：习惯于。在时间上主要是同现在对比，暗含“现在已不这样了”的意思；其后既可接表示动作的动词，也可接表示认知或状态的动词。其后接动词原形。例如： 例384：My elder brother used to be in the army. （此处不用would）

be used to：习惯于（常表示现在的习惯性动做或状态；其后接动词-ing形式）；被用于（其后接动词原形）。例如：

例385：I used to live in the country, but now I’m used to living in the city. 例386：The skin of snakes is used to make some kinds of musical instruments.

（蛇皮被用于制作多种乐器。）

第二部分 重点词语辨析900例

get used to: 习惯于。其后接名词或动词-ing形式。例如： 例387：Have you got used to the food / living here?

二、名词 二 、名词 ·85·

1．accident / incident / event accident：事故。通常指意外事件，偶发事件。例如： 例388：Twenty people were killed in the railway accident. 例389：It was quite an accident. （这完全是偶然事件。）

incident：事件。尤指与较为重大的事件相比显得不重要的事件；它还用以表示引起国际争端或战争等的历史事件。例如： 例390：This is only a common incident.

例391：The Lugouqiao Incident occurred on July 7, 1937.

event：大事件，大记事；比赛项目。例如：

例392：Another earthquake struck Indonesia. Thousands of journalists were sent to cover the

event.

例393：Which events have you entered for? （你参加了哪几项比赛？）

2．ache / pain

ache主要指身体某一部分的“疼痛、酸楚”，常用于复合名词，如headache，toothache，stomachache。用作此义时，有时可以与pain换用。例如： 例394：Where is the ache / pain？

pain可用于身心两方面所感受到的痛楚，在指精神方面的痛苦时不能用ache代替。如： 例395：His unkind remarks caused me a great deal of pain. （他不友善的话让我很伤心。） 例396：Her laziness caused pain to her parents. （她的懒散让她父母很头痛。）

3．affair / matter / business / thing

affair：事情，事务。常以复数形式出现，通常指重大或头绪较多的事务。例如： 例397：He is now in charge of foreign affairs. （他现在负责外交事务。）

又如：international affairs 国际事务，family affairs家庭事务，class affairs班级事务。 matter：物质（用作不可数名词）；问题（常指毛病或麻烦事）。例如： 例398：All matter has three states: solid, liquid and gas. 例399：What’s the matter with you?

例400：Don’t worry. It is simply a matter of time. （别担心，这只是时间问题。）

business：事情。常指正经事或闲事。有时说的是指派的工作或商业买卖。例如： 例401：Business before pleasure. （先正事，后娱乐。） 例402：Now let’s get down to business. （咱们谈正事吧。）

·86· 第二部分 重点词语辨析900例

例403：He went to Shanghai on business.

例404：It’s none of your business. （不关你的事。） 例405：Mind your own business. （少管闲事！）

thing：东西，事情。用复数意为“情况，形势”。例如： 例406：What are those things on the table? 例407：No such thing. （没那种事。）

例408：Things are getting worse and worse. （情况变得越来越糟。）

4．aim / purpose / object aim：目的，目标。指抱有一种明确的目的，并意味着为之实现而竭尽全力，相当于goal。也可作动词，意为“对……瞄准, 打算”。例如： 例409：What’s your aim in life?

例410：Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.

（生活没有目标就像航海没有指南针。）

例411：We aim to complete / aim at completing the project by next month.

purpose：目的，意图。指心中有打算，并意味着对所做的打算有较大的决心。例如： 例412：It was done with a definite purpose. （做这事是有明确目的的。） 例413：For what purpose do you want to go to Canada？

例414：He came here with the purpose of carrying out the plan.

（他是带着实施这个计划的目的来这里的。） object：目标。指眼前的目标和努力方向。例如：

例415：The object of my visit is to consult you. （我来找你的目的是要请教你。） 例416：What is your object in studying English？

5．amount / number

amount（of）：数量，量。后接不可数名词。例如：

例417：People bought a great amount of food from the market before the Spring Festival.

number（of）：数量。只可接可数名词。例如：

例418：A number of experts attended the conference held in Shanghai yesterday.

6．animal / beast / creature

animal：动物。区别于植物而言，是常用词语。例如： 例419：It is an animal of monkey kind.

beast：动物，走兽。通常指四足动物。例如： 例420：The tiger is a beast of prey.（老虎是食肉兽。）

creature：生物，生灵。指人时，常带有感情色彩。例如：

例421：Your daughter is a lovely creature. （你女儿是个可爱的小精灵。） 例422：What a cold-blooded creature!

例423：Spielberg has made two films about creatures that come to the earth from outer space.