2018版高考英语二轮（专用）训练题：篇章结构题

专题限时集训(七) 阅读理解

训练7 篇章结构题

(对应学生用书第147页) A 【导学号：38144032】

(2017·浙江考前联考)

Europe was once a mixture of Latin-derived (起源于拉丁语的) dialects that gradually，over the centuries，changed into a few separate languages — French，Portuguese，Spanish，Italian.What happened in France，Portugal and Spain was an organic evolution: the dialect of the most prominent city gradually became the accepted language of the whole region.The strongest city determined the language of the whole country.

Italy was different.It didn't get itself united until 1861 and until then was a land of warring city-states ruled by proud local princes or other European powers.So it's not surprising that，for centuries，Italians wrote and spoke in local dialects that were not possible for each other to understand.

In the sixteenth century，some Italians got together and decided that this was absurd and Italy needed an Italian language，at least a shared written language to remove communication obstacles.So this gathering hand-picked the most beautiful of all the local dialects and crowned it Italian.What they decided was the personal language of the great poet Dante Alighieri.It was in this“ sweet new style”of dialects that his masterpiece Divine Comedy(神曲)，which was published in 1321，was written.It shocked the literature world that it was not written in Latin.

Dante's masterpiece helped shape Italian，affecting it as personally as Shakespeare would someday affect English.For a group of nationalists much later in history to have sat down and decided that Dante's Italian would now be the official language of Italy would be very much as if a group of Oxford teachers had sat down one day in the early nineteenth century and decided that — from this point forward — everybody in England was going to speak pure Shakespeare.And it actually worked. 【语篇解读】 本文主要讲述了意大利语的起源。

1．The underlined word“prominent” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to

“ ”．

A．comfortable C．important

B．beautiful D．ancient

C [考查词义猜测。根据画线词后的“The strongest city determined the language of the whole country”可知，最重要的城市的方言逐渐变成被整个地区认可的语言，画线词表示“重要的”，所以选C项。]

2．What can we learn about Italy from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3 ?

A. A national Italian language was in need as people hated wars. B．There was no written language in Italy before the 16th century.

C．Some Italians had the great poet Dante create the national Italian language. D．Literature works were supposed to be written in Latin before the 14th century.

D [考查推理判断。根据第二段内容以及第三段中的“It shocked the literature world that it was not written in Latin”可推知，当时如果作品不是用拉丁语写的话，人们会感到非常震惊。由此可推知14世纪前的作品普遍都是用拉丁语写的，故选D项。]

3．How is the passage developed?

A．By analysing effects. B．By making comparisons. C．By offering descriptions. D．By telling a story.

B [考查文章结构。通读全文可知，文章中作者多次通过对比的方式，如意大利语与拉丁语的比较，但丁的《神曲》与莎士比亚作品的比较，来构建全文框架，所以选B项。]

B

(2017·浙江金丽衢十二校联考二)

Technology activists are appealing to tech companies and their leaders to build a future in which the effect of machinery on humans is lessened.Robots now are doing more work than ever before.Lasers are being used to cut cloth at factories，while drone aircraft water crops.So some workers have long feared that machines are