定语从句

Mr.Li优美英语中考语法

定语从句

一、定语从句的定义：

用于修饰名词或代词的从句称为“定语从句”。被定语从句修饰的词叫“先行词”。引导定语从句的词称为“关系词”：who (宾格whom, 所有格whose), that, which, where, when, why

1. The boy who is wearing a black coat bought an iPod yesterday. 穿着黑色外套的那个男孩昨天买了

一个iPod.

2. The noodles that/which my mother cooked were delicious. 我妈妈煮的面条很好吃。 3. The school where I learned judo was very large.我学习柔道的学校很大。 4. I remember the day when our band was formed. 我还记得我们乐队成立的日子。

5. I don’t know the reason why she got so angry this morning. 我不知道她今天早上为什么那么生气。 二、who和whom引导的定语从句：

who和whom都指代人，但who主要担任主语，whom担任宾语，在现代英语中很多情况下，who可以替代whom。但是，在“介词+whom”结构中(whom作介词的宾语)，只能用whom。在大多情况下，that也可以替代who指代人。

1. Jonny is a person who/that always has novel ideas. 约翰尼是一个经常会有新奇想法的人。 2. The girl who/that won the first prize is from Zhejiang. 获得一等奖的女孩来自浙江。

3. The boy who you met last night is the group leader that studies very hard. 昨晚你遇见的那个男孩是

个学习非常努力的组长。

4. Anyone who laughs last laughs best. 笑到最后的人才是笑得最好的人。 5. There are many old men who are against this plan. 有许多老年人反对这项计划。 6. She is the girl who/whom I will go to Shanghai with. 她就是要和我一起去上海的女孩。 7. The person who/whom you just talked to is Mr. Depp. 刚刚和你谈话的人是德普先生。

=The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Depp.

8. We’ll go to the hospital to see the patients, most of whom are children. 我们要去医院去看病人，他们

中大多数都是儿童。 三、whose 引导的定语从句：

whose 是who的所有格形式，who是“谁”，whose是“谁的”。whose前面被修饰的先行词和后面的人或物是所属关系。

1. Do you know Peter whose father happens to be working in your company? 你认识彼得吗？他的父亲

恰巧在你们公司上班。

=Do you know Peter? His father happens to be working in your company.

2. The tourist wanted to book a room whose window faces south. 这位游客想要预定一间窗户朝南的房间。 =The tourist wanted to book a room the window of which faces south.

3. We went to see our teacher Miss Styles, whose husband lost his life in the earthquake.我们去看望了我

1

们的老师泰尔斯小姐，她的丈夫在地震中丧生。

4. Xi’an, whose walls remain as good as before, is one of the few cities with city wall. 西安是少数几座

有城墙的城市之一，它的城墙保护得和以前一样好。 四、that和which引导的定语从句：

that既可以指物，又可以指人，which只能指物。

1. The new house that/which I have just bought is about six miles away. 我新买的房子大约6英里远。 2. They planted some trees that/which didn’t need much water. 只适合用that的句子：

3. Which of the cars that are in front of the hotel belongs to you? 旅馆前面的汽车那一辆属于你？ 4. He talked about the schools and teachers that he had visited. 他谈论了他访问过的学校和老师。 5. It’s easy to repair. All that you need is a hammer and some nails. 修理很容易，你所需要的全部东西是一把锤子和一些钉子。

6. I’d like to tell you something that will make you surprised.

7. The only thing that we can do is to give you some money. 我们唯一能够做的就是给你一些钱。 只适合用which 的例句：

8. My house, which I bought two years ago, has got a lovely garden.(非限定性定语从句只能用which) 我两年前买的那栋房子，带一座漂亮的花园。

9. Jim passed the driving test, which surprised everybody in the office. 吉姆通过了驾驶考试，这使得办公室里所有人都很惊讶。

10. London, which is the capital of UK, is a very beautiful city. 英国首都伦敦是一座非常漂亮的城市。 11. I was put in a position in which I had to accept I was less important.(引导词前面有介词时只用用which)

12. 我被置于一个要被迫接受低人一等的境地。

13. This is the hotel in which you will stay. 这就是你将要住的酒店。

=This is the hotel which/that you will stay in. 五、where引导的定语从句：

由where引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示地点的名词：building, city, room等，where和它代指的先行词在从句中作地点状语，表示从句中动词发生的地点。

1. The hotel where we stayed was very clean. 我们待过的那家旅馆很干净。 2. This is the house where I was born. 这就是我出生的那所房子。 六、when引导的定语从句：

由when引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示时间的名词：time, day, date等，when和它代指的先行词在从句中作时间状语，表示从句中动作发生的时间。

1. I’ll never forget the time when we first met. 我永远也不会忘记我们第一次相遇时的情景。 2. The date when he join the ANC Youth League was August 15th. 他加入南非国民议会青年同盟的日

期是8月15日。

2

七、why引导的定语从句：

由why引导的定语从句，经常会在先行词reason的后面，why在从句中作原因状语。

1. The reason why I got the job was that I worked hard. 2. The reason why she was late was that she missed her plane.

=The reason that she was late was that she missed her plane.(在口语中可用that替代why) 3. Amy didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t the main reason why she left. 艾美没有获得加薪，但这不是她离职的主要原因。

4. Amy didn’t get a pay rise. That’s why she left.(在没有reason时，why可以单独使用) 艾美没有获得加薪，这是她离职的原因。

八、限定性定语从句：

限定性定语从句又称限制性定语从句，它是先行词在意义上不可或缺的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或完全失去意义。限定性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，书写时不可以用逗号分开。如果关系代词在限定性定语从句中作宾语，常可以省略。 1. Do you know the girl who just came in? 2. Shanghai is a city (that) I’ve always wanted to visit.

3. Her sister married a man (who/whom/that) she met on a plane.她姐姐嫁给了一位她在飞机上认识的人。 4. The time when I first met Mr. White was a very difficult period of my life. 第一次见到怀特先生的时

候，我正处于人生中非常艰难的时刻。 九、非限定性定语从句：

非限定性定语从句又称非限制性定语从句，它只是对先行词作附加补充说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚、完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很紧密，书写时要用逗号分开。非限定性定语从句一般不用that引导，关系词不可以省略。

1. The old women, who lives on her own, has a cat for company. 那位老妇人一个人住，有一只猫作伴。 2. Lori is going to marry Mark, whom she does not love. 萝莉准备嫁给马克，可她并不爱他。 3. Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a very beautiful city. 十、“名词+介词+关系代词”结构的定语从句： 将下面两个单句合并为定语从句：

1. The professor gave a lecture to us yesterday. 那位教授昨天给我们上了一课。

2. I couldn’t understand the meaning of the lecture completely. 我不能完全理解那堂课的意思。

→ The professor gave us a lecture yesterday, the meaning of which I couldn’t understand completely.

那位教授昨天给我们上了一课, 我不能完全理解那堂课的意思。

1. There are around 400 students in our grade. 我们年级大约有400名学生。 2. Most of us are from the Xicheng District. 我们中的大多数来自西城地区。

→ There are around 400 students in our grade, most of whom are from the Xicheng District. 我们年

级大约有400名学生, 其中大多数来自西城地区。

3