2013年6月四级考试真题 - 图文

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

Junk food is everywhere. We’re eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we’re doing and yet we do it anyway.

So here’s a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it’s displayed?

“Many policy measures to control obesity（肥胖症）assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access to healthier foods,” note the two researchers.

“In contrast,” the researchers continue, “many regulations that don’t assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance — like food — of which immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems.”

The research references studies of people’s behavior with food and alcohol and results of alcohol restrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising if applied to junk foods. Among them:

Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol aren’t handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted（分配）based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.

Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it. So why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories? And why not limit sale of food in places that aren’t primarily food stores?

Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash registers in gas stations, and in most places you can’t buy alcohol at drive-through facilities. At supermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they’re easily seen. One could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines. The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals for junk foods, and placing warning labels on the products.

57. What does the author say about junk food?

A) People should be educated not to eat too much. B) It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation. C) Its temptation is too strong for people to resist. D) It causes more harm than is generally realized.

58. What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity? A) They should be implemented effectively. B) They provide misleading information. C) They are based on wrong assumptions. D) They help people make rational choices.

59. Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions? A) Few people are able to resist alcohol’s temptations. B) There are already too many stores selling alcohol. C) Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems. D) Easy access leads to customers’ over-consumption.

60. What is the purpose of California’s rule about alcohol display in gas stations? A) To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets.

B) To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking. C) To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas. D) To get alcohol out of drivers’ immediate sight.

61. What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control? A) Guiding people to make rational choices about food. B) Enhancing people’s awareness of their own health. C) Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.

D) Resorting to economic, legal and psychological means. Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

Kodak’s decision to file for bankruptcy（破产）protection is a sad, though not unexpected, turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.

Although many attribute Kodak’s downfall to “complacency(自满) ,” that explanation doesn’t acknow-ledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself. Decades ago, Kodak anticipated that digital photography would overtake film — and in fact, Kodak invented the first digital camera in 1975 — but in a fateful decision, the company chose to shelf its new discovery to focus on its traditional film business.

It wasn’t that Kodak was blind to the future, said Rebecca Henderson, a professor at Harvard Business School, but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it. By the time the company realized its mistake, it was too late.

Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spent a lot of money trying to do so, but ultimately failed. Large companies have a difficult time switching into new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the new businesses.

Although Kodak anticipated the inevitable rise of digital photography, its corporate（企业的） culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fully embrace the future. They were a company stuck in time. Their history was so important to them. Now their history has become a liability.

Kodak’s downfall over the last several decades was dramatic. In 1976, the company commanded 90% of the market for photographic film and 85% of the market for cameras. But the 1980s brought new competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which undermined Kodak by offering lower prices for film and photo supplies. Kodak’s decision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation. The bid went instead to Fuji, which exploited its sponsorship to win a permanent foothold in the marketplace.

62. What do we learn about Kodak? A) It went bankrupt all of a sudden. B) It is approaching its downfall.

C) It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry. D) It is playing a dominant role in the film market.

63. Why does the author mention Kodak’s invention of the first digital camera? A) To show its early attempt to reinvent itself.

B) To show its effort to overcome complacency.

C) To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution. D) To show its will to compete with Japan’s Fuji photo.

64. Why do large companies have difficulty switching to new markets? A) They find it costly to give up their existing assets. B) They tend to be slow in confronting new challenges. C) They are unwilling to invest in new technology. D) They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.

65. What does the author say Kodak’s history has become? A) A burden. B) A mirror. C) A joke.

D) A challenge.

66. What was Kodak’s fatal mistake?

A) Its blind faith in traditional photography. B) Its failure to see Fuji photo’s emergence. C) Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics. D) Its overconfidence in its corporate culture.

Part V Cloze (15 minutes)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Whether you think you need daytime rest or not, picking up a nap（午睡）habit is a smart, healthy move. The Mayo Clinic says naps 67 relaxation, better mood and alertness, and a sharper working 68 . A 2008 British study found that compared to getting more nighttime sleep, a mid-day nap was the best way to cope 69 the mid-afternoon sleepiness.

According to the Harvard Health Letter, several studies have shown that people 70 new information better when they take a nap shortly after learning it. And, most 71 , a 2007 study of nearly 24,000 Greek adults in the Archives of Internal Medicine found that people who napped 72 had a 37 percent reduced risk of dying 73 heart disease compared to people who didn’t nap.

Of course, napping isn’t 74 for everyone. If you’re suffering from inability to sleep, naps that are too long or taken too late in the day can 75 with your ability to fall or stay asleep at night.

But for most, naps can make you feel sharper and happier. Naps provide different benefits 76 on how long they are. A 20-minute nap will boost alertness and concentration; a 90-minute snooze（小睡）can 77 creativity.

According to prevention.com, you 78 a natural dip in body temperature 79 1 p.m. and 3 p.m. A short nap at this time can boost alertness 80 several hours and, for most people, shouldn’t 81 being able to fall asleep at night.

Pick a dark, cozy place that’s not too warm or too chilly. prevention.com 82 snapping

on the couch instead of in bed, so you’re less 83 to snooze for too long.

Surprisingly, the best place to take a nap may be a hammock（吊床）if you have one. A Swiss study 84 last year found that people fell asleep faster and had deeper sleep when they napped in a hammock than in a bed. That same rocking 85 that puts babies to sleep works 86 for grown-ups, too.

67. A) enforce B) promote C) operate D) support 68. A) feeling B) frame C) sense D) mind 69. A) with B) aside C) about D) upon 70. A) remark B) consider C) remember D) concern 71. A) reportedly B) incredibly C) constantly D) frankly 72. A) regularly B) enormously C) heavily D) strongly 73. A) off B) under C) against D) from 74. A) exact B) correct C) right D) precise 75. A) influence B) eliminate C) compete D) interfere 76. A) focusing B) depending C) relying D) basing 77. A) enlarge B) engage C) enhance D) enlighten 78. A) explore B) experience C) exercise D) execute 79. A) between B) amidst C) among D) besides 80. A) of B) beyond C) during D) for 81. A) produce B) dispose C) affect D) hasten 82. A) illustrates B) decides C) predicts D) recommends 83. A) inclined B) involved C) adopted D) attracted 84. A) pronounced B) published C) discovered D) cultivated 85. A) mood B) model C) motion D) motive 86. A) wonders B) passions C) mystery D) pleasure

Part VI Translation (5 minutes)

Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write you translation on Answer Sheet 2.

87. Although only in her teens, my sister is looking forward to _________________（独自去海外学习 ).

88. It’s true that we are not always going to succeed in our ventures, _______________（即使我们投入时间和金钱 ).

89. The old couple hoped that their son ________________（将不辜负他们的期望 ).

90. So badly _________________(他在车祸中受伤 )that he had to stay in the hospital for a whole year.

91. Nowadays, some people still have trouble ________________（从网上获取信息 ).