专转本英语教案(6)

The snow made the bored boy go home. 2)、作表语，宾语补足语 作表语：He is boring.

作宾语补足语：能带分词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有：see， hear，keep， find， notice，watch，want，smell，observe等。 例：I find him reading a story.

I find her surrounded by the children. 3）分词作状语

分词作状语有时相当于各种连词引导的状语从句。

① 相当于时间状语从句：

Having read the book, he was moved to tears. 相当于原因从句：

Surprised by the news, she couldn’t say a word.

还可表示条件状语从句，让步状语从句等等。

3、分词的独立主格结构

分词的所表示动作逻辑主语一般与句子谓

语的主语一致，但有时候分词短语有它自己的独立主语（在分词短语之前），这种主语往往是名词或代词（主格）；这种结构叫做独立结构，用作状语表示时间，原因，让步，条件等。

e.g. Breakfast having been over, he went to school.

That being the case, we must change our plan. The teacher having finished the lesson, the students left the classroom.

(注意：以下情况分词逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，同时它们也不是独立主格结构。这种结构限于少数几个动词，都是固定用法。Judging from/by ?, Generally / Frankly speaking ?,)

例：Judging by her cloth, she comes from a poor family.

另外，有些现在分词可以作介词用；这时逻辑主语也不同于主句主语，如concerning， considering, excepting, regarding, respecting

等

例：Considering his age, he is fat.

4. with / without+名词（代词）+分词的复合结构表示补充说明或伴随情况。 例：With the lamp burning he fell asleep. With a book tucked under his arm, the teacher takes the school bus. 四、非谓语动词比较 1、动名词和现在分词比较 1）、作定语区别

现在分词往往表示他所修饰的词正在进行的动作，所修饰的词就是它的逻辑主语。 例：the raging storm=the storm is raging(狂暴的风雨)

动名词往往表示修饰的词的用途、作用，所修饰的词不是它的逻辑主语。

例：working machine=machine for working 2）、作状语区别

现在分词具有副词特征，可直接作状语。 例：Hearing the news, he was surprised to say

nothing.

动名词做状语要用介词+动名词，因为它不具有副词特征。

例：On coming in , he tucked a book under his arm.

3）、作表语的区别

现在分词有形容词性特征。 例：The story is moving。

动名词有名词特征，因此常可与主语互换位置。

例：My job is teaching. 2. 动词不定式与现在分词区别 1）作宾语补足语

动词不定式作宾语补足语，只说明宾语的一个动作过程。

例：He heard someone sing in the next room. 现在分词则说明宾语动作正在进行。 例：He heard her singing in the next room. 2)作定语

动词不定式作定语时，表示一个将来的动作

例：There is still one thing to be finished. 现在分词作定语是，表示一个正在进行的动作。

例：Who was the man running over there?