自考《英语二》2012年出版最新讲义第十二章

《英语二》

Are you trying to embarrass me? 你是想让我难堪吗?

embarrassing adj. making you feel ashamed, nervous, or uncomfortable

eg: She asked a lot of embarrassing questions. 她问了很多让人尴尬的问题。 embarrassment n. embarrassing or being embarrassed 窘；局促不安；焦急；忧患

eg: To her embarrassment, she couldn't remember his name. 令她尴尬的是，她不记得他的名字了。 ignorance n. a lack of knowledge or information about something 无知 eg: We are in complete ignorance of your plans. 我们对你的计划一无所知。 衍生

ignore v. take no notice of （sb./sth.） 忽视（某人[某事物]） eg: You've been ignoring me. 你一直不把我放在眼里。

ignorant adj. knowing little or nothing; lacking education or information; unaware 无知的；愚昧的；没有学识的；不知道的

eg: They seem to be ignorant of what happened here. 他们似乎不知道这里发生的事。

independent adj. having or earning enough money so that you do not have to rely on somebody else for help 自立的；自食其力的

eg: He has been old enough to be independent of one's parents. 他已经足够大了，不必依赖父母了。 She would like to be financially independent. 她希望在经济上能够独立。 反义词 dependent 依赖的 衍生

independence n. state of being independent 独立；自主；自立 ~ （from sb/sth.）

eg: young people who want independence from their parents 不想依赖父母的年轻人 Independence Day 4 July, celebrated in the US as the anniversary of the day in 1776 on which the American colonies declared themselves independent of Britain 美国独立纪念日（7月4日, 美国国庆日, 纪念1776年脱离英国而独立之日）。

optimistic adj. expecting good things to happen or something to be successful；showing this feeling 乐观的；抱乐观看法的

eg: He is ~ about the future. 他对未来很乐观。 反义词 pessimistic 悲观的 衍生

optimism n. tendency to expect the best in all things; confidence in success; belief that good will triumph over evil in the end 乐观；乐观主义

eg: He was still full of optimism for the future despite his many problems. 他尽管有许多问题, 但对未来仍十分乐观。

optimist n. person who is always hopeful and expects the best in all things 乐观的人；乐观主义者 eg: He's such an optimist that he's sure he'll soon find a job. 他很乐观，认为自己一定很快就能找到工作。

Self-Esteem and Body Image

P1

I'm fat. I'm too skinny. I'd be happy if I were taller, shorter, had curly hair, straight hair, a smaller nose, bigger muscles, longer legs. P2

Do any of these statements sound familiar? Are you used to putting yourself down? If so, you're not alone. As a teen, you're going through a ton of changes in your body. And as your body changes, so does ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

《英语二》

your image of yourself. Lots of people have trouble adjusting, and this can affect their self-esteem. P3-4

Why Are Self-Esteem and Body Image Important?

Self-esteem is all about how much people value themselves, the pride they feel in themselves, and how worthwhile they feel. Self-esteem is important because feeling good about yourself can affect how you act. A person who has high self-esteem will make friends easily, is more in control of his or her behavior, and will enjoy life more. P5

Body image is how someone feels about his or her own physical appearance. For many people, especially those in their early teens, body image can be closely linked to self-esteem. That's because as kids develop into teens, they care more about how others see them. P6-7

What Influences a Person's Self-Esteem? Puberty

Some teens struggle with their self-esteem when they begin puberty because the body goes through many changes. These changes, combined with a natural desire to feel accepted, mean it can be tempting for people to compare themselves with others. They may compare themselves with the people around them or with actors and celebs they see on TV, in movies, or in magazines. P8

But it's impossible to measure ourselves against others because the changes that come with puberty are different for everyone. Some people start developing early; others are late bloomers. Some get a temporary layer of fat to prepare for a growth spurt; others fill out permanently, and still others feel like they stay skinny no matter how much they eat. It all depends on how our genes have programmed our bodies to act. P9

The changes that come with puberty can affect how both girls and guys feel about themselves. Some girls may feel uncomfortable or embarrassed about their maturing bodies. Others may wish that they were developing faster. Girls may feel pressure to be thin but guys may feel like they don't look big or muscular enough. P10

Outside Influences

It's not just development that affects self-esteem, though. Many other factors （like media images of skinny girls and bulked-up guys） can affect a person's body image too. P11

Family life can sometimes influence self-esteem. Some parents spend more time criticizing their kids and the way they look than praising them, which can reduce kids' ability to develop good self-esteem. P12

People also may experience negative comments and hurtful teasing about the way they look from classmates and peers. Sometimes racial and ethnic prejudice is the source of such comments. Although these often come from ignorance, sometimes they can affect someone's body image and self-esteem. P13

Healthy Self-Esteem

If you have a positive body image, you probably like and accept yourself the way you are. This healthy attitude allows you to explore other aspects of growing up, such as developing good friendships, growing ════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

《英语二》

more independent from your parents, and challenging yourself physically and mentally. Developing these parts of yourself can help boost your self-esteem. P14 A positive, optimistic attitude can help people develop strong self-esteem. For example, saying, \I'm human\instead of \I'm such a loser\when you've made a mistake, or not blaming others when things don't go as expected. P15

Knowing what makes you happy and how to meet your goals can help you feel capable, strong, and in control of your life. A positive attitude and a healthy lifestyle （such as exercising and eating right） are a great combination for building good self-esteem. P16

Tips for Improving Your Body Image

Some people think they need to change how they look or act to feel good about themselves. But actually all you need to do is change the way you see your body and how you think about yourself. P17

The first thing to do is recognize that your body is your own, no matter what shape, size, or color it comes in. If you're very worried about your weight or size, check with your doctor to verify that things are OK. But it's no one's business but your own what your body is like. Ultimately, you have to be happy with yourself. P18

Next, identify which aspects of your appearance you can realistically change and which you can't. Everyone （even the most perfect-seeming celeb） has things about themselves that they can't change and need to accept, like their height, for example, or their shoe size. P19

If there are things about yourself that you want to change and can （such as how fit you are）, do this by making goals for yourself. For example, if you want to get fit, make a plan to exercise every day and eat nutritious foods. Then keep track of your progress until you reach your goal. Meeting a challenge you set for yourself is a great way to boost self-esteem!

Exercises

Ⅰ Checking Your Comprehension Section A

Directions: Read the following statements and mark Y （for Yes） if the statement agrees with the information given in the text; N （for No） if the statement contradicts the information given in the text; NG （for Not Given） if the information is not given in the text.

（ ） 1. One's body changes may change one's self-image. [答疑编号506431120401] 【正确答案】Y

【答案解析】第二段第五句as your body changes, so does your imagine of yourself.随 着你的身体变化，你的形象也会改变。题干是正确的。答案为Y。

（ ） 2. Self-esteem is how someone feels about his or her own physical appearance. [答疑编号506431120402] 【正确答案】N

【答案解析】第三段第一句self-esteem is all about how much people value themselves,

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《英语二》

the pride they feel in themselves, and how worthwhile they feel.根据文意，题干中显示出自信只与人的外表有关是片面的。答案为N。

（ ） 3. It's possible to measure ourselves against others because the changes that come with puberty are not different for everyone. [答疑编号506431120403] 【正确答案】N

【答案解析】第六段开头it's impossible to measure ourselves against others because?但是自我衡量是不可能的，因为每个人的青春期的改变都是不一样的。题干内容明显与文意相

反。答案为N。

（ ） 4. Self-esteem is affected by both inside and outside influences. [答疑编号506431120404] 【正确答案】Y

【答案解析】作者分析了影响我们自信的因素有很多。外在的，比如外貌、别人的评价等；内 在的，比如乐观的态度，等等。答案为Y。

（ ） 5. A positive body image allows you to explore other aspects of growing up. [答疑编号506431120405] 【正确答案】Y

【答案解析】第十一段第一、二句if you have a positive body imagine..,this healthy attitude allows you to explore other aspects of growing up?如果你对自身的形象有个积极的态度，你可能喜欢或是接受你自己的样子。这种健康的态度可以让你探寻成长过程中的

其他方面事情。可以看出题干中的a positive body imagine 与this healthy attitude 表达的含义一致。答案为Y。

（ ） 6. There are several tips for improving self-esteem. [答疑编号506431120406] 【正确答案】Y

【答案解析】文章最后作者给出了提升外表形象的小贴士，其最终的目的是提升自信。答案为 Y。

Ⅱ Building Your Vocabulary Section A

Directions: Complete each of the following sentences with the correct choice of the words given in the brackets.

1. Animals in the zoo have lost the ________ to catch food for themselves. （capable, capability） [答疑编号506431120407] 【正确答案】capability

【答案解析】此处定冠词the后应填入名词。capable形容词，有能力的、能胜任的； capability 名词，能力。句意是，动物园里的动物已经丧失了为自己觅食的能力。答案为capability。

2. It is the ________ of wit and political analysis that makes his articles so readable. （combine, combination）

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