盐城市2018届高三年级第一学期期中考试试题

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The most eye-catching part of the government’s recent air-quality strategy is to ban sales of new petrol and diesel cars by 2040. The reason behind the government’s strategy is poor air quality, which is thought to be linked to about 40,000 premature deaths a year.

Client Earth, the campaign group leading the call for reform, has described the ban as “not enough”. It emphasises that clean air zones and sustainable transport infrastructures both work, and can be implemented more quickly. Even so, some argue that the target is too soon. The motor industry, however, does not argue that the cars won’t be ready in time. This is unsurprising, given that Tesla already has an all-electric model, most manufacturers have at least one hybrid (混动汽车)on sale.

The voices of disagreement offer three main arguments: electric vehicles don’t reduce greenhouse gas emissions; we don’t have enough power available; and there are not enough essential materials like lithium(锂)which support most new electric vehicle battery technologies.

The first two arguments are closely related. The problem is not the absolute amount of electric vehicles on the road but when we charge them. The issue is “peak demand”. We design our electricity infrastructure systems to ensure these peaks are covered. Peak demand in the UK is between 5pm and 7pm in winter. This is usually when electricity is at its most “dirty”, as this is when we need almost all of our generating(发电)capacity, including the old coal plants, diesel back-up generation and gas. Without managed charging, drivers plugging the car in on return from work face using diesel engines and coal-derived power to charge vehicles. Hardly a win for air quality or climate change.

The last problem, material availability, is trickier. Lithium and the rare earth metals used in electric vehicles present problems. It’s not only a question of whether there are enough of these materials, but also their toxicity, convenience of recycling and their geopolitical availability of their supply chains. Much like the issue of peak demand, without strong policy and behavioural and technical advances, we could easily see the rise of global conflict and exploitation around the critical materials for electric mobility.

While a ban on petrol and diesel car sales in 2040 is easily achievable, what really matters is how well the above issues are dealt with. Electric cars do nothing for traffic jams. Their power source needs careful management, and their supply chains may be no less problematic than those of petrochemical fuels. Conversely, they can reduce air pollution and help meet climate change commitments. Like many technical solutions they need strong regulation around them. We should improve our dialogue on electric mobility, seeking clear government policy on energy market integration and strong standards on material sustainability. 61. The underlined word “implemented” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________. A. abolished B. conducted C. replaced D. updated 62. What can we infer from the calm reaction from the motor industry? A. All manufacturers have already had at least one electric car on sale. B. The motor industry plans to focus on sustainable transport infrastructures. C. The motor industry has already adjusted its products to reduce air pollution. D. The recent air-quality strategy is unrealistic and impossible to follow.

63. According to the author, the best time to get your car charged is ________. A. when “peak demand” ends B. directly after returning from work C. when other people do D. right before moving to work 64. Which of the following best expresses the meaning of the underlined part in Paragraph 6? A. Careful management is likely to address the problems with both types of cars. B. It seems that currently petrol and diesel cars are more problematic than electric cars. C. Petrol and diesel cars and electric vehicles seem to face the same problems nowadays. D. Currently electric vehicles seem to face more problems than petrol and diesel cars do.

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D

A story of a young Hemingway who is poor and living in Paris, A Moveable Feast is a novel-cum-memoir(回忆体小说)of the writer. The book is also a tribute to the numerous characters he meets. Hemingway projects himself to us as a young man. He examines his younger self and his weaknesses, but we also get a sense of homesickness for the struggle and hardship that characterized his introduction into a writer’s life in literature.

The book is often hilariously funny, as well as incredibly touching. The novel is a tour of many of the great figures in modern literary history, and a remarkable recall of their carefree lifestyle.

A Moveable Feast is more a series of anecdotes than any attempt at a rather logic narrative. It moves from subject to subject, creating miniature portraits and taking in the atmosphere of Paris at the time. Rather than concentrating on himself, Hemingway prefers to point his fiction outwards, examining early friends and acquaintances with breath-taking detail.

The figures which he depicts include Ford Maddox Ford, Ezra Pound, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Gertrude Stein. Stein, in particular, stands out in the book as a grand madam of letters—a great teacher to Hemingway, a distinguished innovator in literature, and just a little bit crazy.

She enjoys the power she projected over people. Hemingway sees her as a self-serving, self-satisfied unpleasant old lady, but he still makes her seem somehow likable.

There is also a series of interesting anecdotes regarding the young F. Scott Fitzgerald and his troubled relationship with his wife. In one anecdote, Hemingway and Fitzgerald go on a road trip. On a particularly lonely evening, they go to a restaurant, where Fitzgerald tells his friend that Fitzgerald’s wife is jealous (and, actually severely mentally ill). She picks away at his confidence so much so that he is frustrated. Fitzgerald asks Hemingway to reassure him.

The book is brilliant for literary gossip, but A Moveable Feast is also an extended meditation (冥想)on Hemingway’s transition to becoming a great writer. He also discusses how he believes writing should be performed. He puts great emphasis on subconscious processes. He sets aside time to work on his stories, does his best not to think about them at other times, and aims at writing truthfully.

Hemingway’s modus operandi(手法)in literature—his plain sentences, his simple structure, his close observation of the ways of the world—are boiled down to one central principle in this book: do your best to write what is true. Hemingway suggests that if that’s the only thing one can do when writing, then you will be well on your way to writing something that is good.

And that is probably the key to the success of A Moveable Feast. I think there is no author that makes you want to write more than Hemingway; every sentence he writes seems to suggest a joy.

In his memoirs, however, he creates a shell around that feeling. He presents a life that, despite its hardships (in the early part of his career he often felt hungry because he wasn’t eating enough), is definitely attractive. Wandering around the streets of Paris, sitting in cafés with a notebook and a pencil, and attempting to fix the world with words are the meat and bones of this interesting self-portrait. Smart, brilliant, at times incredibly touching, A Moveable Feast is the product of a great master looking back through the mists of time and desperately wishing for a youth that was long past.

65. What can best summarize the feature of Hemingway’s early literary life? A. Reward. B. Struggle. C. Progress. D. Freshness. 66. How did Hemingway develop this book?

A. By organizing events in a rather logic order.

B. By centering events around his private life.

C. By listing funny stories about different subjects. D. By examining details with his friends. 67. What is special with regard to Gertrude Stein?

A. She is crazy about innovation in literature. B. She is usually selfish and sometimes jealous.

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C. She is generous to give others guidance on literature. D. She is helpful in improving Hemingway’s writing. 68. The principle that Hemingway sticks to in his writing is to ________. A. describe things as they are C. let his mind flow freely

B. mix up fantasy with facts

D. stress detailed observations of the world B. While he was living in Paris, France. D. Shortly after he entered the literary world. B. A glimpse into Hemingway’s life D. A pathway to international fame

69. When did Hemingway start writing this book? A. Well after he established his reputation. C. Before he moved back to the USA. 70. What’s the best title of this passage? A. A chance to meet great literary figures C. A memoir of Hemingway’s friends

第四部分 任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 ．．

注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。

These days, it should come as no surprise that improving higher-education outcomes requires limiting high ambition with sometimes harsh (严峻的) realism. Students need more options and pathways to success, and more active guidance toward the best decisions considering their individual prospects and labor-market realities. We’ve tried to keep all doors open for all students, but we’ve created a system that provides inadequate guidance and poor options for many, particularly those from disadvantaged backgrounds. Many of them arrive at college unprepared for academic work, burdened by financial difficulties and a lack of knowledge of the world of higher education, and bound to work full-time to support their families.

The characteristics of the institutions students from disadvantaged backgrounds attend often worsen their difficulties. Community and technical colleges receive too little funding from states. They also face too low a motive to respond to labor-market forces by expanding capacity in occupational or work-force programs in fields with strong labor-market demand.

In addition, many institutions provide students with too little structure, allowing them to wander aimlessly, with little direction or knowledge of what they want to do, and with very little academic or career consulting to guide them. Thus, many end up in general studies. Choosing a path to a certificate or associate degree in a high-demand occupation increases a student’s chances of earning a qualification with high labor-market value, but most are never told of these possibilities.

Changing these outcomes will require more and better supports for students with barriers to overcome, but it will also require strengthening institutions so they have the structure and the resources needed to promote success among their students. It will require helping students make better choices about which college to attend and what to study—and about whether a purely academic path right after high school is best for them.

Evidence is accumulating that restructuring developmental education, by tailoring requirements to what students plan to study and integrating this work with for-credit classes, can increase academic success.

More dollars for students to cover their expenses are, of course, important. But simplifying the financial-aid system, making it more flexible, and building in better motives for student performance could make it much more effective. Experiments that allow financial aid to be used for noncredit programs in high-demand fields, with carefully designed limits to protect program quality and integrity, have the potential to strengthen opportunities for students.

Early education for all students about careers and the labor market is essential to helping students reach their goals, as is developing a range of high-quality career and technical pathways that start in high school—including apprenticeships(学徒)and other forms of work-based learning—so students with weaker academic skills can also earn qualifications and get good jobs.

Policy makers and postsecondary institutions have a responsibility to implement constructive change; opening the

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doors of college to all who can benefit is a good start—but it’s far from sufficient. We must meet students where they are and recognize the impact of their circumstances on their chances for success. Passage outline Introduction Supporting details Harsh reality(71)▲ to students’ difficulty in reaching their expectations, so it is necessary to offer students extra help. ●Higher education system makes it hard for students to(73)▲ to college environment. ●(74)▲ of funding and motive to respond to labor-market challenges the institutions. ●Students do not have(75)▲ to adequate structure, direction, knowledge and academic or career consulting in many institutions. ●(76)▲ supports for students, institutions should have structure and resources to help students make better choices and achieve success. ●Developmental education is supposed to be restructured, from which students can(77)▲a lot. Extra help we can provide ●Making the financial-aid system(78)▲ and flexible will have positive effects for students on students getting opportunities. ●Early education regarding careers and the labor market is a(79)▲ to help students with weaker academic skills reach their goals. ●Policy makers and institutions should be responsible for(80)▲ to students and recognize the impact of circumstances on success. The problems (72)▲ on the way success to students’ 第五部分 书面表达（满分25分）请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

Have you ever thought life would be better anywhere other than where you are right now? Maybe some of your thoughts go something like this: Life will be better once I’m out of debt. I can’t wait until I’m retired because then I can do what I want when I want. If only I lived somewhere warm I could exercise all year round and I would be so fit. If I could just lose 10 pounds I know I would feel better.

Truth is some of your problems may go away once you have met all of your “if only” and “better when’s”, but it won’t make the perfect life that fairy tales are made of. New problems will arise and you’ll likely find yourself wishing for this “perfect” life to be different still. We can only imagine that the grass will be greener on the other side because it’s only when we live it do we actually see it for what it really is.

Whatever ideal you have in mind about an alternate lifestyle, location, financial situation etc ... rest assured that each one will be met with its own unique set of problems.

So what can you do about this? Choose to be content with what you already have.

It’s great to dream big. But those dreams should not cloud the greatness you have in front of you right now. Consider the truth in the grass being the greenest right under your feet. 【写作内容】

1. 用约30个单词写出上文概要；

2.用约120个单词发表你的观点，内容包括：

（1）结合自己的经历，谈谈你对珍惜当下这一话题的理解； （2）对如何珍惜当下提出你的建议。 【写作要求】

1. 阐述观点或论据时，不能直接引用原文语句； 2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；

3. 不必写标题。

【评分标准】内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。

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