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聚乙烯醇精馏一塔设计
摘 要
目前，聚乙烯醇行业正处于产能急剧扩张，技术更新换代的时期，由此，对于聚乙烯醇生产相关设备的研究及设计显得尤为重要。本次设计，充分调查了国内外聚乙烯醇市场状况和行业发展方向，学习聚乙烯醇制造工艺，对所研究的聚乙烯醇行业有了较深认识。
通过查阅相关的资料，系统的学习了聚乙烯醇的工艺流程，其包括：乙炔发生、醋酸乙烯酯制备、精制、聚合，聚醋酸乙烯酯的醇解。乙炔法制造的醋酸乙烯酯含有较多杂质，不利于醋酸乙烯酯的聚合，必须通过精馏工序将其提纯精制。本次设计针对醋酸乙烯酯精制，根据实际生产需求，设计醋酸乙烯酯精馏工段二塔及三塔，计算精馏塔设备相关参数并对附属设备计算选型，绘制工艺流程图、设备结构图。
关键词：聚乙烯醇、醋酸乙烯酯、聚醋酸乙烯酯、精馏工序，精馏塔
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Abstract
At present, the polyvinyl alcohol profession is being in produces can expand suddenly, the technology renewal time, from this, appears regarding the polyvinyl alcohol production correlation equipment research and the design especially importantly.This design, investigated the domestic and foreign polyvinyl alcohol market condition and the profession development direction fully, the study polyvinyl alcohol manufacture craft, to the polyvinyl alcohol profession which studies has had known deeply.
Through the consult related material, the system study polyvinyl alcohol technical process, it has included: The acetylene has, the vinyl acetate preparation, the purification, the polymerization, the polyvinyl acetate alcoholysis.The acetylene law manufacture vinyl acetate includes many impurities, does not favor the vinyl acetate the polymerization, must through the selective evaporation working procedure its depuration purification.This design in view of vinyl acetate purification, according to actual production demand, design vinyl acetate selective evaporation construction section two towers and three towers, computation rectifying tower equipment correlation parameter and to appurtenance computation shaping, plan flow chart, equipment structure drawing.
Key words: Polyvinyl alcohol;Polyvinyl acetate; Polyvinyl acetate ester;Distillation process;Distillation columns
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年产10000吨聚乙烯醇精馏塔系统的设计
目录
摘 要 .................................................................................................................. I Abstract ............................................................................................................. II 第一章 聚乙烯醇的综述 ................................................................................. 1
1.1引言 ...................................................................................................... 1 1.2 聚乙烯醇的国内外现状 ..................................................................... 1
1.2.1 世界聚乙烯醇的研究现状及消费结构 ..................................................... 1 1.2.2我国聚乙烯醇研究现状及消费结构 .......................................................... 2
1.3 聚乙烯醇的简介 ................................................................................. 4
1.3.1 聚乙烯醇(PVA)的定义 ............................................................................... 4 1.3.2 聚乙烯醇的性质 ......................................................................................... 4 1.3.3 聚乙烯醇树脂的命名 ................................................................................. 5
1.4 聚乙烯醇生产原理及工艺流程 ......................................................... 5
1.4.1乙炔法生产原理 .......................................................................................... 5 1.4.2 聚乙烯醇的工艺流程说明 ......................................................................... 7
1.5 聚乙烯醇的应用 ................................................................................. 9 1.6 小结 ................................................................................................... 10 第二章 设计方案的确定 ............................................................................... 11
2.1 塔设计原则 ....................................................................................... 12 2.2 装置流程的确定 ............................................................................... 13 2.3 板型选择 ........................................................................................... 13 2.4 操作压力的选择 ............................................................................... 13 2.5 附属设备的选择 ............................................................................... 14 2.6 回流比的选择与塔板数 ................................................................... 14
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2.7 工艺流程图 ....................................................................................... 14 第三章 醋酸乙烯酯精馏二塔(T-202)的工艺设计..................................... 14
3.1 精馏工序的物料衡算及操作条件的确定 ....................................... 14 3.2 气液负荷计算 ................................................................................... 18 3.3 精馏塔理论塔板数的计算 .............................................................. 22 3.4 精馏塔的工艺设计 ........................................................................... 24
3.4.1塔径的初步设计 ........................................................................................ 24 3.4.2 溢流堰及降液管的设计 ........................................................................... 26 3.4.3 弓形降液管的宽度和横截面 ................................................................... 27 3.4.4 降液管底隙高度 ....................................................................................... 27 3.4.5 筛孔的设计 ............................................................................................... 28 3.4.6 筛板塔的流体力学的计算 ....................................................................... 29 3.4.7 塔板负荷性能图 ....................................................................................... 32
3.5 塔附件的工艺设计及选型 ............................................................... 37
3.5.1工艺接管 .................................................................................................... 37 3.5.2法兰 ............................................................................................................ 39 3.5.3筒体和封头 ................................................................................................ 39 3.5.4除沫器 ........................................................................................................ 39 3.5.5吊柱 ............................................................................................................ 40 3.5.6裙座 ............................................................................................................ 40 3.5.7人孔 ............................................................................................................ 41
3.6塔总体高度设计计算 ........................................................................ 41 3.7 附属设备的初步计算 ....................................................................... 42
3.7.1冷凝器(NQ-202)的选型 ............................................................................ 42 3.7.2再沸器(ZF-202)的设计 ............................................................................. 43
3.8本章符号说明表 ................................................................................ 44
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