人教版英语八年级下册导学案

Unit4

Section A

一、 学习目标：

1) Important words: mad, anymore, message, suppose, hard-working

2) Important phrases: watch soap operas, be supposed to do, first of all, pass on, sth. happen on … 3) Important Sentences

① She said she was mad at Marcia. ② She said she was having a party for Lana.

③ What happened on “Young Lives” last night? ④ You are supposed to meet at the bus stop to return it. 4) Grammar: 直接引语和间接引语 二、学法指导：

运用任务型学习，驱动学生掌握直接引语与间接引语之间的转化 三、学习过程：

Step1自学单元语法：（直接引语和间接引语） (一) 直接引语和间接引语的含义：

引述别人的话时，一般采用两种形式：一是引用别人的原话，两边用引号标出，称为直接引语；二是用自己的语言转述别人的话，称为间接引语。间接引语在句中实际上就是宾语从句。 (二) 直接引语变间接引语的方法：

1. 从句人称的变化：

由直接引语变间接引语时，从句的主语人称要遵循一主、二宾、三不变的原则。 1） 直接引语的主语是第一人称时，变为间接引语时要和主句的主语保持一致。

2） eg:① They said,“We will go there by bus”。 → They said they would go there by bus.

3） ② He said,“I am visiting my aunt next week.” → He said that he was visiting his aunt next week. 2）如果直接引语的主语是第二人称，变为间接引语时要与主句的宾语保持一致。eg: ① She said to me,“Are you interested in science?”她对我说：“你对自然科学感兴趣吗？”

→ She asked me if /whether I was interested in science. 她问我是否对自然科学感兴趣。 ② He said to me,“You are hard-working.” → He told me that I was hard-working. 3）如果直接引语的主语是第三人称时，变为间接引语时人称保持不变。

eg: His mother said to me,“ He can’t go to school.→ His mother told me that he couldn’t go to school. 从句时态的变化：

1） 如果主句是一般现在时或一般将来时，直接引语变间接引语时，从局的时态保持不变。 eg: He says,“I am visiting my aunt next week.”→ He says that he is visiting his aunt next week. 2）如果主句的时态为一般过去时，从句的时态要做相应的变化。

① 一般现在时改为一般过去时； ② 现在进行时改为过去进行时； ③ 一般将来时改为过去将来时。 注意：如果直接引语为客观真理、客观事实、自然现象时，变为间接引语时，时态不做变化。

eg: The teacher said to us ,“Light travels faster than sound”. → The teacher told us that Light travels faster than sound. 2. 句型的变化：

1）如果直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时要用that来引导，that可省略。 eg: He said,“I like watching TV.”

他说：“我喜欢看电视”。→ He said that he liked watching TV.

2）如果直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，需用if或whether来引导，且用陈述句语序。eg: He asked me,“ Will you buy the red coat?” → He asked me if/whether I would buy the red coat.

3）如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，引导词就是特殊疑问词，且用陈述句语序。 eg: She asked me,“Where are you from?” → She asked me where I was from. 4）如果直接引语是祈使句，变间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词变为不定

如：tell( ask , order ,…) sb. (not) to do sth.

eg: “Open the door.” The teacher said to me.→ The teacher told me to open the door. “Don’t open the door.” The teacher said to me.→The teacher told me not to open the door. 展示：语法针对性练习：

（ ）1. She said she ______ sorry for being late. A. is B. was C. were D. are （ ）2. I asked her ______.

A. why does she want to copy my homework. B. why did she want to copy my homework. C. why she wants to copy my homework. D. why she wanted to copy my homework. （ ）3. My father told me the earth ______ round. A. is B. was C. will be D. would be （ ）4. She asked me ______ she could use my mobile phone. A. that B. for C. weather D. if （ ）5. He told us ______ he would buy a new car. A. which B. that C. what D. if Step2预习新单词，展示： 1.mad adj.

① 生气的；气愤的 构成结构：be mad at sb.=_________意为“生某人的气” ② 疯狂的；着迷的 相当于crazy,构成短语：be mad to do sth. 2.not … anymore 不再；再也不

3.first of all 首先 4.message cn. 消息；信息；口信

拓展：给某人捎口信 ________给某人留口信 _______发短信 _________ 5.pass on 传递 试译：传递给某人某物 = pass on sth. to sb. 6.suppose v. 假定；认为；期望

短语：be supposed to do sth. = should do sth. be not supposed to do sth. = shouldn’t do sth. 7.hard-working adj. 勤勉的；努力工作的 eg: 他是一个努力工作的人。He is a _________ person.

Step3 预习课文，展示课文重点：

1. You are supposed to meet at the bus stop this morning to return it. 精讲：return v.

①“归还” 相当于 give back 短语： return sb. sth. = give sth. back to sb. ② return to someplace “返回某地”相当come/go back to some place. 2. Lana told Marcia she would bring some books to her house. 区别：bring / take

① bring “拿来，带来”指从别处把物或人带到或拿到说话者所在的位置。 ② take “拿走，带走”表示把人或物拿开或带离说话者所在的位置。 ③ take with “随身携带”

Don’t forget ______ ______ your homework to school tomorrow. 请把这些书带给Tom。 Please ______ these books to Tom. Don’t forget ______ ______ an umbrella, when you go out. 四、当堂达标(一) 单项选择

（ ）1. Can you ______ some music CDs to the party? A. take B. bring C. carry D. borrow （ ）2. She ______ she ______ a party for her sister the next day.

A. says; were having B. said; had C. says; had D .said; was having

（ ）3.The accidents happened ______ a cold winter morning. A. in B. on C .at D. of

（ ）4. We are supposed ______ there before seven. So we must hurry up. A. get B. to get C. getting D. not to get 五、课后反思

Section B

一、学习目标：

1) Vocabulary: do well in, in good health, nervous, envelop, true, disappointing, lucky 2) Important Sentences: 1.I hope that grandma is well now.

2.I had a really hard time with science this semester and I wasn’t surprised to find that my worst report was from

my science teacher. 3.That’s all the news I have for now. 4.It’s just that I find science really difficult.

3) Grammar: 直接引语和间接引语 二、学法指导：

利用情景对话，在小组内交流.熟练掌握直接引语和间接引语，进一步巩固重点句型 三、学习过程： 预习导学：

1.do well in 在……方面做得好；擅长……… 相当于________________ 2.be in good health 身体健康 相当于：_________________

拓展：be in danger _________be in trouble _______;be in safety ________ 3.nervous adj. 神经紧张的；不安的

试译：变得紧张 ________________ 不要紧张 ________________ 4.envelope n. 信封 试译：一张信封___________ 5.semester n. 学期 相当于：______

6.true adj. 真实的；正确的；忠诚的 其副词形式为：______ 其名词形式为：______; tell the truth ________________ 7.区别：disappointing / disappointed

① disappointing “令人扫兴的；使人失望的” 常用来修饰物； ② disappointed 指人“感到失望的” 常用来修饰人；

8.lucky adj. 幸运的 其反义词为：______;其副词形式为：______ 其名词形式为：______;good luck _______;bad luck __________ 9. own ① 代词 通常位于形容词性物主代词之后，构成 one’s own … 表示“某人自己的……”eg: 这是他自己的车。This is ______ ______ car. ② v. 拥有 相当于have eg: 他拥有一所大房子。He ______ a big house.

③ owner n. 主人 eg: 他是这个小屋的主人。He is the ______ of the small house. 10.get over ① 克服 ② 恢复

11.poor adj. 贫穷的； 其反义词为：______ 12.graduate

① n. （大学）毕业生 ② v. 毕业 构成短语：graduate from 意为“从……毕业” 13.volunteer ① n.志愿者 译：作为一名志愿者______________________ ② v. 志愿;自愿 构成短语：volunteer to do sth. eg:他自愿帮我。He volunteered ______ ______ me. 14.海拔200米_______________; 稀薄的空气_________________ eat的过去式形式为：_________________-

15.decision n. 决定；决心 其动词形式为：_________

决定做某事：__________________=____________________/________________ 16.开拓学生们对外部世界的视野_______________

17.danger n. 危险 其形容词形式为:________译：出于危险中______________脱离险境________

展示

（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1. ______ (luck),she caught the last bus.

2. Don’t worry about me. Please tell me the ______(true)

3. It is ______ (report) that the new supermarket will be open next week. 4. This is the ______(bad) day I have ever had.

5. He didn’t answer the question. So it made him ______(disappoint) .课文重点知识讲解：

1.I hope that grandma is well now. 区别：hope / wish

① hope 表示有可能实现的愿望，其后常跟动词不定时及that从句。 注：不存在 hope sb. to do sth.形式。

eg: 我希望下周见到你。 I ______ ______ ______ you next week. 我希望你明天来。 _______________________________. 我希望如此___________;我不希望如此__________________ ② wish 表示愿望实现的可能性不大。

常用句型：wish to do __________; wish sb. to do;__________ 以及 wish 后跟that从句（从句多用虚拟语气）。

eg: 我希望有一天我能飞。I wish that I ______ ______ one day.

2.I had a really hard time with science this semester, and I wasn’t surprised to find that my worst report was from my science teacher.

① have a hard time with sth.= have a hard time (in) doing sth.做某事费劲；有困难 eg: 我费了好大的劲才通过这次考试。 I had a hard time ______ this exam. ② be surprised to do sth.“对做……感到惊讶” eg: 听到那条令人惊讶的消息，我们都感到很惊讶。 We are ______ to hear the _____ news.

3.That’s all the news I have for now. for now 为固定短语，译作：___________ 4.It’s just that I find science really difficult. find 用法小结：

① find + sth.+ adj./doing 表示发现某物怎么样。

eg: 我发现地上躺着一只狗。I find a dog ______(lie) on the ground.

② find +it +adj.+to do sth.表示发现做某事怎么样。我发现学英语很难。I find it difficult ______ ______ English.

四、【当堂达标】（单项选择）

（ ）1. In English, she is ______ writing in her class. A. better at B. good at C. the best at D. the best in （ ）2. I ______ him to stay here for one more week. A. think B. make C. want D. hope （ ）3. It is ______ nice of you to say so. A. truly B. true C. really D. real

（ ）4. I found ______ to make everyone please with me.

A. that difficult B. it difficult C. that be difficult D. it be difficult 五、课后反思：