英语学案必修2 unit3

南中学案 英语 （必修二） A 去），强调对现在造成的影响和结果。例如：The door has been locked．门被锁上了。（结果是现在没有人能进去）

2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能将持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long．．．？句型中。例如：

They have been told about it for many times． （可能还会有人告诉他们）

How long has the machine been used？ 二、现在完成时的用法 （一）现在完成时的用法1：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时，常与时间副词already（已经） ，yet（还、已经） ，just(刚刚、仅仅) ，ever（曾经） ，never（从不） ，before（以前）等连用。这几个副词的用法如下： 1．already意为“已经”，通常用于肯定句中，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可以放在句末。实例： 1）I've already read this book. （“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容”。

2）I've washed my clothes already． （洗衣服的动作已完成，其结果是“衣服冼干净了”。）

注意：在表示吃惊或明知故问等感情色彩时，already也可用于（口语）疑问句中。实例： 3）Have you met him already ？ 2．yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中意为“还”，常放在句末。实例： 1）—Has he found his watch yet ？ No，not yet．不，还没有。 2）The woman hasn't found her dog yet ．

（没找到狗，心里着急，这就是对现在的影响） 3．just意为“刚刚”，表示行为刚刚过去，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例：

He has just come back from school ． 4．ever意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例：

1）Have you ever been to Hong Kong ？ 2）I haven't ever spoken to her． 5．never意为“从来没有”常与before连用（before要放在句尾，而never多放在助动词与过去分词之间.实例：I have never travelled by plane before.我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。 6．before意为“以前”，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型的限制。实

例：1）Have you been to Hainan before ？ 2）I haven't eaten Guangdong food before． （二）现在完成时用法二——持续性用法（肯定句，疑问句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词）：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。此时常与“for ＋一段时间或“since＋过去的点时间或从句（从句用一般过去时）以及so far（到目前为止）等时间状语连用。 for + 段时间, since +点时间 实例： 1）自从1990年以来我就住在这里。I've lived here since 1990．= I've lived here since 13 years ago. = I've lived here for 13 years. = It is 13 years since I began to live here.

2）我三年没有看见他了。I haven't seen him for three years ．= I haven't seen him since three years ago = I haven't seen him since 2000. = It is 3 years since I saw him last time.

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南中学案 英语 （必修二） A 3）Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city ． 自从到这个城市以来，王先生一直在这家工厂工作。 4）She's been at this school since five years ago． 自从五年前以来她就在这个学校。

注意：①在这类句子的肯定句和疑问句中谓语动词必须用延续性动词。短暂性动词由于动作不能持续，故不能与for(达到；累计)或since（自从。。。到现在）引出的时间状语连用。 ②对for和since引导的时间状语提问要用How long

1） 他入团两年了。 误：He has joined the League for two years．

正：He has been a League member for two years． 2）我买这辆自行车三年了。 误：I have bought this bike for three years． 正：I have had this bike for three years． 2） ▲部分短暂性动词与之对应的延续性动词： 短暂性动词 延续性动词 die → be dead borrow → keep buy/catch → have get up → be up come → be in finish → be over leaver → be away open → be open close → be closed begin → be on

become interested in → be interested in

注意：1.一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的动作的区别： ①一般过去时与具体的表示过去时间状语如：yesterday连用；强调动作在过去发生，与现在无关。②现在完成时与自己的特征词连用，强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响或过去开始发生一直持续到现在的动作。例：He saw the film last night. (过去时，表示他昨晚看过那部电影了，现在不知还要不要再看一次)

He has (ever) seen the film before.（现在完成时，表他已看过那部电影，现在不想再看了） 2.用于现在完成时的句型：1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late. 2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.

This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. Exercise:一． 句型转换。

1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑问句） 2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问)

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南中学案 英语 （必修二） A

have they been here?

3、The old man _________ last year. He for a year. (die) （动词填空） 4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)

This factory ________ for twenty years. 5、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)

____ ___ two years ________ the Green family moved to France. 二．汉译英。1. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。（just）

2. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。(never)

3. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？

三． Fill in the blanks with the proper form.

1. I__ __ already __ __ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week. 2. My father __ __ just __ __ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 3. I've lost my pen. _________ you ________ (see) it anywhere? 4. Where’s Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office. 5. I __________ (work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999. 6. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here. 7. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day. 8.____ you ______ (find) your science book yet? 9. If it ____ (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you.

10. The students ____________ (read) English when the teacher came in. 11. Look! The monkey __________ (climb) the tree. 12. My mother __________ (come) to see me next Sunday.

反思总结：

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南中学案 英语 （必修二） A

Unit Three Computers (keys)

Period II (reading paragraph1-2)

编号：001 编写者： 巩志英 审核者：白广阔

Part one. 单词和短语（英汉互译）

1. calculate (v.) 计算 calculation (n.) 计算 be calculated for sth./to do sth. 适合于，为适合。。。而设计 calculate distance 计算路程、距离 make a rapid calculation 做快速的计算 ;

2.universal (a.) 通用的 universe (n.) 宇宙 universal disease 世界性疾病

The desire to look attractive is universal. 爱美之心，人皆有之。 3.simplify (v.) 简化 simple (a.) 简单的， simply (ad.) 仅仅，简单地

simply further 进一步简化 simple pictures and diagrams 简明的图片和图表

some pages of simple advice on how to learn English well 几页有关于学好英语的简单的建议

Most of the damage was simply because of fallen trees.

大部分的损失仅仅是因为倒下的树。 The book explains grammar simply and clearly.

这本书简单明了地解释语法。 4.intelligence(n.) 智力 intelligent(a.) 智力的，

a man with average intelligence 一个有中等智商的人 Use your intelligence, and you're sure to achieve sth.

用你的大脑，你一定会获得成功。 They’re intelligent, hard-working and lively students.

他们是聪明，努力，活泼的学生。 5.sum 一大笔钱 a large sum of money 总之； to sum up 6.operator(n.) 接线员 operate(v.) 操纵，做手术

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