基于单片机的智能充电器毕业论文设计

北京工商大学本科生毕业论文（设计）

摘 要

便携式应用的发展与普及提高了对充电电池性能的要求，而锂离子电池凭借其独特的有点，如能量密度高、使用寿命长、放电电压高和无记忆效应等，成为了便携式电子产品的首选电池。然而，锂离子电池相对脆弱的特性，如过充电和高温可能对电池造成极大的破坏，对其充电电路提出了严格的要求，作为便携式产品的充电器，高集成度，高效率和准确的控制都是必须的特点。

针对锂离子电池的充电管理问题，本文采取了一种基于单片机控制的智能充电方法，通过单片机与充电管理IC的配合，设计并实现了锂离子电池充电保护电路，从而达到了提高充电效率，延长电池寿命和节能的效果。

关键词：锂离子电池；智能充电器；单片机；节能

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北京工商大学本科生毕业论文（设计）

Abstract

The development and prevalence of portable applications require better performance of rechargeable batteries, while the Li-Ion battery becomes the best choice of portable electronic products because of its unique advantages, such as high energy density, long circle life, high voltage and absence of memory effects. However, the comparative fragility of Li-Ion battery, for example, to overcharging and high temperature, imposes stringent charge requirements on chargers. As portable applications, the chargers should be compact, high efficient and accurate.

In order to manage the charge process of Li-Ion battery, the design and implementation of a Li-Ion battery charge protection integrated circuit based on intelligent control approach was presented by MCU assort with charge management IC. So as to achieve improved charging efficiency and prolong battery life and energy-saving effect.

Keywords：Li-Ion；Intelligent charger；MCU；Energy-saving

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北京工商大学本科生毕业论文（设计）

目 录

第一章 绪论 ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1

单片机技术的特点及应用 ............................................................................. 2

单片机的特点 .......................................................................................... 2 单片机的应用 .......................................................................................... 3

1.1.1 1.1.2 1.2 1.3

飞思卡尔MC9S12XS128单片机简介 .......................................................... 5 实现智能充电的意义 ..................................................................................... 6

第二章 充电方案选择 ................................................................................................. 7 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8

恒流充电(CC) ................................................................................................. 7 恒压充电法(CV) ............................................................................................. 8 恒压限流充电 ................................................................................................. 8 恒流恒压充电法(CC/CV) .............................................................................. 9 分级定电流充电法 ......................................................................................... 9 脉冲充电方法 ............................................................................................... 10 定化学反应状态充电法 ............................................................................... 11 变电流间歇/定电压充电法 .......................................................................... 11

第三章 硬件电路设计 ............................................................................................... 12 3.1

设计思路分析 ............................................................................................... 12

脉宽PWM法充电 ................................................................................. 12 电源管理IC控制充电 .......................................................................... 13

3.1.1 3.1.2 3.2

电路设计 ....................................................................................................... 15

MAX1898电源管理IC ......................................................................... 15 AMT1001温湿度传感器 ...................................................................... 17 其他外围设备驱动介绍 ........................................................................ 19

3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3

第四章 软件设计 ....................................................................................................... 23 4.1 4.2

程序流程设计 ............................................................................................... 23 程序功能模块设计 ....................................................................................... 24

电池状态检测子程序 ............................................................................ 24 键盘扫描子程序 .................................................................................... 24

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4.2.1 4.2.2

北京工商大学本科生毕业论文（设计）

4.2.3 4.2.4 4.2.5

倒计时子程序 ........................................................................................ 24 显示子程序 ............................................................................................ 25 A/D转换子程序 .................................................................................... 25

第五章 调试 ............................................................................................................... 26 5.1

硬件调试 ....................................................................................................... 26

静态测试 ................................................................................................ 26 联机调试 ................................................................................................ 26

5.1.1 5.1.2 5.2 5.3

软件调试 ....................................................................................................... 27 系统调试 ....................................................................................................... 27

致 谢 .......................................................................................................................... 30 附 录 .......................................................................................................................... 32 附录A 系统设计源代码 ........................................................................................ 32 附录B 文献翻译 .................................................................................................... 54 附录B.1 中文翻译 ............................................................................................. 54 附录B.2 英文原文 ............................................................................................. 58

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