直接引语变间接引语发给学生

直接引语（Direct Speech）与间接引语（Indirect Speech）

引述别人的话有两种方式：直接引语和间接引语。 （一）直接引语 使用引号引出别人的原话，被引用的句子称为直接引语。引起引语的词称为引述动词。 ①“I remember I had seen you.”I said. ②“I rang the bell,”James said,“and your maid let me in.” ③John said, \ father.\（引号内陈述句是直接引语） （二）间接引语 当人们用自己的话转述别人的话时，被转述的部分称为间接引语。 ①Mary said she had already seen the film. ②He replied that he was going by train. ③John said that he was going to London with his father. （宾语从句是间接引语） 本模块我们主要学习的是陈述句的转换。直接引语是陈述句时，若变成间接引语，结构上实际上是将原先的单独一个句子变成一个宾语从句。如He said, “I can speak English.”这句话变成间接引语则是：He said that he could speak English. 作said的宾语了。

1.句型上的变化 ⑴直接引语是陈述句时 间接引语应改为由that（口语中that可以省略）引导的宾语从句,主句的引述动词主要有 say ,tell, repeat, explain, think等。 She said, \

→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes. ⑵直接引语是疑问句时(一般疑问句，选择疑问句和反意疑问句) ※变间接引语时为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say 改为ask等 ① 一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句。 He asked me,”Have you read this book?” →He asked me if /whether I had read this book. She said, \ →She asked me if (或whether)I often went there to read newspapers. She asked me, \ →She asked me whether(或if )I had seen the film. ②选择疑问句变为whether….or 宾语从句。

I asked him, \

→I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.

⑶直接引语如果是特殊问句

间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述

句语序）。

例如：She asked me, \ → She asked me when they had their dinner. ⑷直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带to的不定式表达，谓语动词常是ask,

advise, tell, warn, order, request等。如ask sb. to do，（由肯定祈使句变成）ask sb. not to do（由否定祈使句转变），并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人

称及时态都作相应的变化。

The teacher said to the boy, \window.\

window.

His father said to him, “Don’t leave the door open.” →His father told him not to leave the door open. 其规律可概括为：一改二变三加四去。 一改：said (to) 改为asked或told, ordered等;二变：said to 的宾语或呼语变为asked等的宾语 三加：即在动词原形前加to，使成为动词不定式;四去：去掉please, 否定 don’t 变为not

⑸直接引语如果是感叹句 间接引语为what 或how 引导，也可以用that 引导。 She said, \ →She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day. 2.人称的变化，用顺口溜概括：“一随主,二随宾，第三人称不更新”

（1）如果直接语中的人称为第一人称，变为间接引语时，就要将它变为与主句主语相一致的人称。 He said,“I have finished my homework.”

→He said（that）he had finished his homework. （2）如果直接引语中的人称为第二人称，变为间接引语时，就要将它变为与主句宾语相一致的人称。

Tom said,“You must finish your homework today.” →Tom said I had to finish my homework that day. （3）如果直接引语中的人称为第三人称，变为间接引语时就不作任何改变。 He said, “She is tired.”→He said she was tired. Mr. Smith said: \Jack is a good worker。\Jack was a good worker。 3．时态的变化

（1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的时态无须变化 （2）主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时，直接引语变间接引语，从句谓语动词要相应变化： 在直接引语中 在间接引语中 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 动词时态 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时（一般过去时） 过去完成时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时 （3）直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况 （1） 如果直接引语是表示客观真理时、格言、警句时

如： “The moon goes round the earth,”Miss Baker said in class. →Miss Baker said in class that the moon goes round the earth. （2）直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语时。如：

He said to me, \born in 1973.\ told me that he was born in 1973. (3)直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效时。 如： He said, \m a boy, not a girl.\said that he is a boy ,not a girl. (4)直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作时。如： The girl said, %up at six every morning.\ said that she gets up at six every morning.

(5)直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句时。 如： He said to me, \

→He told me that he had taught English since he came here.

(6)直接引语中含有情态动词 must, need, had better以及情态动词的过去式could, might, should, would时。 例如：He said , \ →He said that he could swim when he was only six. 4．在指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及个别动词方面，都有这样一个变化规律：这变那，过去变以前；来变去，明天变为第二天。”大致可用下表表示： 在直接引语中 在间接引语中 指示代词 this that these those now then 时间状语 today, tonight that day, that night this week (month, etc) that week (month, etc.)

yesterday the day before, the previous day last week (month) the week (month, etc.) before two days (a year, etc) ago two days ( a year, etc.) before tomorrow (earlier) next week (month, etc.) the next (following ) day the next (following) week (month, etc) 表地点的词 here there 动词 come, bring go, take 直接引语为陈述句，变成间接引语的“顺口溜”是：去掉引号加that，人称变化要灵活，时态向后退一步，状语变化按规定。

练习题1．He said: “I’ve left my book in my room.” 2．She said: “He will be busy.”

3．She said to Tom, “Can you help me?” 4．She asked, “Is this book yours or his?” 5．The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?”

6．The teacher said to the students, “Don’t waste your time.” 7．The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.” 8．The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.” 9．My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”

10．The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.” 11．He said, “We are still students.’

12．He said to me, “I was born in 1978.”

13．The engineer said, “I was at college in 1967.”

14．He said, “I have studied English since I was a boy.” 15．She said, “I read the book while I was waiting for a bus.

16．Mr. Green said to them, “Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job.” 17．He said, “We insisted that she start immediately. 18．She said, “He demanded that the girl leave at once.” 19．I said to him, “I have finished it.”

20．She said to us,“ I’ll come here tomorrow.”

21．“Where does your chemistry teacher live, Karen?” the young man asked.

22．“I have gained the first place in the mathematics competition,” the little boy said happily.

23．“Light travels faster than sound,” the physics teacher said to the boys and girls. 24．“Will you go to the concert with me this evening?” Mary asked me. 25．“What did you do here yesterday?” the old man asked my brother.

附答案：

1． He told me that he had left his book in his room. 2． She said that he would be busy.

3． She asked Tom if /whether he could help her. 4． She asked me whether that book was mine or his. 5． The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.

6． The teacher told the students not to waste their time. 7． The mother asked Tom to get up early.

8． The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 9． My father said practice makes perfect.

10． The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day. 11． He said they are still students.

12． He told me that he was born in 1978.

13． The engineer said he was at college in 1967.

14． He said he had studied English since he was a boy.

15． She said she had read the book while she was waiting for a bus.

16． Mr. Green told them Joe had told him all about his story when he asked for a job. 17． He said they (had) insisted that she start immediately. 18． She said he demanded that the girl leave at once. 19． I told him I had finished it.

20． She told us she would come here tomorrow

21． The young man asked Karen where her chemistry teacher lived.

22． The little boy said happily that he had gained the first place in the mathematics competition. 23． The physics teacher told the boys and girls that light travels faster than sound. 24． Mary asked me if / whether I would go to the concert with her that evening. 25． The old man asked my brother what he had done there the day before.