限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句（2018年1月24日）

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怎样区分限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

形式上 意义上 译法上 关系词的使用上

考点1. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 A. 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，与先行词之间一般不加逗

号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词、关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。如： ① This is the house which we bought last month.

这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性） ② The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性） ③ I lost my money that day, for which I had to walk home. (非限制性，for which不能换为why，which代指前面 “I lost my money that day.”这句话) ④ He met with a pretty girl in the park, whom he fell in love

at first sight. (非限制性，whom不能换为who) B. 当先行词是专有名词或由物主代词和指示代词所修饰

时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。如： ① Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last

year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 ② My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我的房子，去年买的，带着个漂亮的花园。 ③ This novel, which I have read three times, is very

touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。 练习

翻译下列句子，注意体会限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句在表达意思上的区别。 1. He has a brother who is a physicist.

He has a brother, who is a physicist.

2. He returned all the books which are written in English.

He returned all the books, which are written in English. 3. The man who lives next door is a doctor.

My sister, who lives next door, is a doctor.

4. A student who studies hard will make good progress.

The student, who lives far from school, is the captain of their football team. 考点2. as, which引导的非限制性定语从句

A. as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句

前面、中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开；但which所引导的非限制性定语从句不能放在句首。

As is known to all, he is the best student in our class. (as指代整个句子，作主语，置于句首) He opposed the idea, as could be expected. (as 指代整个句子，作主语，置于句末) Taiwan , as you know, is a part of China. (as指代整个句子，作宾语，置于句中)

He has to work on Sunday, which he doesn’t like.

(which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后面) B. as引导非限制性定语从句，常带有“正如”。当从句为

否定时不能用as。

She failed the exam again, as was unexpected. × She failed the exam again, which was unexpected. √ C. as, which 可指代整个主句，也可指代主句的一部分。

He was very happy, as could be seen from the look on his face. ( as指代前面整个主句)

He claimed he could speak three foreign languages, which is not true. (which指代“he could speak three foreign languages”，指代前面一句话的一部分) D. as is often the case是常用说法，意为“像往常那样；正如经常发生的那样”，只能用as，不能用which。 1. 【2010四川】After graduating from college，I took some

time off to go travelling, ______ turned out to be a wise decision. A. that B. which C. when D. where 2. Eric received training in computer for one year, ______ he found a job in a big company. A. after that B. after which C. after it D. after this 3. You were very impolite to him, for ______ you should make an apology to him, I think. A. this B. which C. what D. that 4. His movie won several awards at the film q329950885 festival, ______ was beyond his wildest dream. A. which B. that C. where D. it 5. 【2009全国II】 My friend showed me round the town, ______ was very kind of him. A. which B. that C. where D. it

限制性定语从句 不用逗号和主句隔开 是先行词不可缺少的定语，起“指定是哪一个”的作用，去掉后句意不完整 翻译成先行词的定语，“……的……” A. 作宾语时可省略； B.可用that; C. 可用who代替whom；D.可用why 非限制性定语从句 用逗号和主句隔开 是对先行词的补充说明，删除后句子意思仍完整 通常翻译成主句的并列句 A. 不可省; B. 不用that; C. 不用who代替whom; D. why要换为for which 6. 【2012北京】When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he

often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. that B. which C. where D. when 7. 【2012福建】The air quality in the city, ______ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. A. that B. it C. as D. what 8. ______ might be expected, the response to the question was very mixed. A. As B. That C. It D. What 9. 【2013陕西】______ is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. A. It B. That C. What D. As 10. The Beatles, ______ many of you are told enough to remember, came from Liverpool. A. what B. that C. how D. as

8. 【2015福建】China Today attracts a worldwide readership,

______ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. III. 写作技能提升

9. 我发现一个老人躺在马路上，我乘出租车立即把他送到

了医院，这就是那天上午我迟到的原因。（find somebody doing, take…to, which） 10. 正如一句谚语所说，“All work but no play makes Jack a

dull boy.”如果没有一个强壮的身体，一个人会一事无成。（saying, a sound body, achieve） 11. 正如图表所显示的那样，这个城市的空气质量在过去两

年越来越糟。（as is shown in the chart, the air quality） 12. 在汉语演讲比赛中我获得了一等奖，这我做梦也没有想到。（win the first prize, Chinese speech competition, beyond my wildest dreams） 13. 在我国，许多学生上不起大学，李华就是这种情况，但

这些人却花这么多钱买奢侈品。（can’t afford to attend a college, as is the case with, waste money on, luxury） 非限制性定语从句在写作中非常好用，可以把琐碎的要点连成一个高级的句子来。尝试用非限制性定语从句翻译下面句子。

14. 我们的学校，位于内乡西北角，有34年历史。（be located

in, have a history of） 15. 我们学校里的老师，大多数都是三十多岁，把他们一切

都奉献给了我们。（in one’s thirties, devote oneself to） 16. 我们学校的领导，都年轻有为，他们也都是教学方面的专家，还经常到外地学习先进的教学和管理经验。(young and successful in their careers, expert, advanced theories in teaching and management) 17. 我们学校有四千多学生，大多数都能用心学习。(the

majority of, put one’s heart into) 18. 我为我们的学校而感到自豪。我相信，在这里，如果我

们好好学习的话，一定会考上名牌大学。(be proud of, there is a good chance that, be admitted to)

I. 单句改错

1. 【2005安徽】Henry Royce did not like his car, that ran

badly and often broke down. 2. 【2004重庆】I had to look up the same word many times,

for which was quite troublesome. 3. Which is natural, he married Mary.

4. There is no simple answer, which is often the case in

science. II. 语法填空（每空至多填三词）

5. 【2009福建】If possible（可能）, we may leave them alone

for some time before reading again, ______ will help a great deal. 6. 【2010湖北】______ we have stressed many times, “serve

the people” is our first policy. 7. 【2015江苏】The number of smokers, ______ is reported,

has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.