[语法专攻]2016年高考英语一轮精讲精练：英语句子结构和成分分析（含详解） - 图文

答案

第一章 句子结构及成分

第1讲 相关概念

练习1. 指出下列句中画线动词是及物动词还是不及物动

词，及物动词填vt.，不及物填vi.。 1.vi. 2. vt. 3. vi. 4. vi. 5. vt. 6. vi. 7. vi. 8. vt.；vt. 9. vt. 10. vi. 练习2. 1.去掉of 2. 在think后加of

3. replied后加to 4. insisted后加on 5. 去掉into 6. 去掉with 练习3. 指出下列斜体单词是实义动词还是助动词。 1. 助动词 实义动词 2. 助动词 实义动词 3. 助动词 实义动词 4. 实义动词 5. 助动词 实义动词

6. 助动词 助动词 实义动词 7. 助动词 助动词 实义动词 8. 助动词 实义动词 第2讲 句子成分

练习1. 在下面句子的主语下面画横线，并说出由什么充

当。 1. During the 1990s, American country music has become

more and more popular.（名词） 2. We often speak English in class.（代词）

3. One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） 4. To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式短语） 5. Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） 6. The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） 7. When we are going to have an English test has not been

decided.（主语从句） 8. It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式

主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式） 9. That he isn’t at home is not true. (主语从句， that不能

省略) 10. There comes the bus. (副词不能作主语，本句为倒装句，

名词the bus作主语) 11. Beyond the village lies a small village. (介词短语不能作

主语，主语是后面的名词短语) 12. Now comes your turn. （副词不能作主语，主语是后面

的名词） 练习2. 画出下列句中的表语，并说明由什么充当。 1. Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） 2. Is it yours?（代词）

3. The weather has turned cold.（形容词）

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4. The speech is exciting.（分词/形容词，这样的分词已形

容词化了） 5. Three times seven is twenty-one.（数词） 6. His job is to teach English.（不定式）

7. His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） 8. The machine must be under repairs.（介词短语） 9. The truth is that he has never been abroad.（从句） 练习3. 画出下列句中的宾语, 并说明由什么充当。 1. They planed many trees yesterday.（名词）

2. (How many dictionaries do you have?) I have five.（数词） 3. They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名

词化形容词） 4. I wanted to buy a car.（不定式短语）

5. I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） 6. I think that he is fit for his office.（宾语从句） 练习4. 用下划线画出下列句中的宾语补足语，并指出是什

么词充当。 1. His father named him Dongming.（名词） 2. They painted their boat white.（形容词） 3. Let the fresh air in.（副词）

4. You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you（不定式.

短语） 5. We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）

6. We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短

语） 7. We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从

句） 8. I want your homework done on time.(过去分词短语) 练习5. 口头翻译下列句子，用下划线标出定语部分，留意

定语的位臵，并说明定语是由什么词性或结构充当。 1. The letter on the desk is for Mr. Wu.

桌子上的那封信是给吴先生的。（介词短语作后臵定语） 2. The woman with a baby in her arms is his mother .

怀里抱婴儿的那个妇女是他的母亲。（with的复合结构作后臵定语） 3. We need a place twice larger than this one.

我们需要一个比这个地方大两倍的地方。（形容词短语作后臵定语） 4. She carried a basket full of eggs.

她提着一个装满鸡蛋的篮子。（形容词短语作后臵定语）

答案与解析 5. It’s a book worth no more than one dollar. 那是一本仅值一美元的书。（形容词短语作后臵定语） 6. It’s a city far from the coast. 它是一座距海岸很远的城市。（形容词短语作后臵定语） 7. He has money enough to buy a car. 他有足够能买一辆车的钱。（形容词短语作后臵定语） 8. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. 楼下的那个人正在尽力睡觉。（副词作后臵定语） 9. There are lots of places of interest needing repairing in our city. 在我们城市有许多需要维修的名胜。（现在分词短语作后臵定语） 10. Tigers belonging to meat-eating animals feed on meat. 属于食肉动物的老虎以肉为食。（现在分词短语作后臵定语） 11. A boy calling himself John wanted to see you. 一个自称为John的男孩想见你。（现在分词短语作后臵定语） 12. He picked up a wallet lying on the ground on the way back home. 在回家的路上，他捡起一个躺在路上的钱包。（现在分词短语作后臵定语；副词短语作后臵定语） 13. There are many clothes to be washed. 有许多要洗的衣服。意译为：有许多衣服要洗。（动词不定式短语作后臵定语） 14. Most of the singers invited to the party were from America. 大多数被邀请参加派对的歌手都来自美国。（过去分词短语作后臵定语） 15. Then the great day came when he was to march past the palace in the team. 接着，他要列队游行经过宫殿的那一天到了。（定语从句修饰the great day） 练习6. 指出下列画线部分属于什么状语。 1. 时间状语 2. 地点状语 3. 原因状语 4. 方式状语 5. 伴随状语 6. 目的状语 7. 目的状语 8. 程度状语 9. 程度状语 10. 结果状语 11. 让步状语 12. 比较状语 13. 条件状语 14. 时间状语；地点状语 15. 原因状语 练习7. 画出下列句中的同位语。 1. The young man, my brother, works in the office. 2. Our English teacher, Mrs Wang often helps us with study. 3. They, some railway workers, are busy repairing the train. 1. 把lie改为lies； 介词短语不能作主语，主语是后面的a small village。 2. 把is改为are；句子的主语是the days。 3. Play改为Playing；在这里指经常打篮球，要用动名词作主语。 4. Give改为To give；在做决定时，放弃英语不是一个选择。give up指具体的某一次。

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练习1. 分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。 1. Dark clouds hung overhead.(SV) 2. Gradually a smile appeared on her face. (SV) 3. He is smiling all over his face. (SV) 4. I did well in English. (SV) 5. He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday. (SV) 练习2. 分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。 1. People all over the world speak English. (SVO) 2. Jim cannot dress himself. (SVO) 3. All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. (SVO) 4. He did not know what to say. (SVO) 5. He just wanted to stay at home. (SVO) 6. He practices speaking English every day. (SVO) 练习3. 分析下列句子成分，口头说出间接宾语和直接宾语。 1. She ordered herself a new dress. (SvoO) 5. 去掉By，doing改为Doing; 介词短语不能作主语。 6. will前加we。介词短语不能作主语。 7. to take; plan后跟动词不定式作宾语。 8. speaking；practice后跟动名词作宾语。 9. are；副词here不能作主语，主语是后面的books。 10. hang；介词短语不能作主语，倒装句，主语是pictures。 11. In my opinion, getting up early and going to bed early will do a lot of good to our health. 12. That he failed the exam made him upset. 13. Between the two tall buildings stands our teaching building. 14. What we are learning now will be of great help to our life and work in the future. 15. Do you know the man next to Tom? 16. Please send him to the hospital nearest to your home as soon as possible. 17. We have a dining hall large enough to hold 3, 000 students. 18. He was doing his homework carefully in the classroom at that moment. 19. We planted many trees in our schoolyard last Sunday. 20. He performed incredibly well in the speech contest yesterday. 21. I will never forget what he told me that day. 22. I frequently go to the supermarket. /I go to the supermarket frequently. 23. He is always helping others. 24. We should never treat an old man like that. 25. One is never too old to learn. 第3讲 简单句的五种基本结构 答案与解析 2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. (SvoO) 3. He brought you a dictionary. (SvoO) 4. He denies her nothing. (SvoO) 5. I showed him my pictures. (SvoO) 6. I gave my car a wash. (SvoO) 7. I told him that the bus was late. (SvoO) 8. He showed me how to run the machine. (SvoO) 练习4. 判断下列句中画线部分是否是宾语补足语。 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T 为good，taste这里是系动词，后跟形容词作表语。 7. against前面加are；against是介词，不能作谓语。 8. 在should后加be；形容词不能单独作谓语。 9. 去掉There are, many改为大写；一个主谓结构不能有两个谓语。 10. has改为is；存在有用there be句型。 11. 在often前加are；形容词不能单独作谓语。 12. badly改为bad；go是系动词，后跟形容词作表语。 13. exist；后面实义主语是复数。 14. are；后面three meetings是复数。 15. open；stay是系动词“仍然处于”，后跟形容词作表语。 16. for；buy sth. for sb. 17. be；there happen to be，碰巧有。 18. lies；后面是单数。 19. stand；主谓一致看后面名词。 20. The food was delicious and I ate a lot. 21. The movie is fantastic. 22. However, some people are against the plan. 23. Their opinions are as follows. 24. As far as I’m concerned, I am in favor of the plan. 25. He offered me some advice. /He offered some advice to me. 26. I owe him a lot of money. /I owe a lot of money to him. 27. My mother bought me a special gift on my birthday. /My mother bought a special gift for me on my birthday. 28. He made me a paper plane. /He made a paper plane for me. 29. He read us an interesting story. /He read an interesting story to us. 30. His uncle left him a lot of money. /His uncle left a lot of money to him. 31. He showed us a map of the world. /He showed a map of the world to us. 32. Please send me a photo of the panda. /Please send a photo of the panda to me. 33. I have many friends. 34. There is going to be a film tonight. 35. There are a lot of people in the park. 36. There are lots of birds in the tree. 37. A dog has four legs and a tail. 第4讲 简单句、并列句和复合句 练习1. 判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句。 1. 简单句。 2. 复合句, The boy is called Tom是一个主谓结构，who offered me his seat也是一个主谓结构，为定语从句，作前一个主谓结构中主语the boy 的定语。 3. 简单句，反义疑问句。 4. 简单句，my brother and I 是并列主语，后面go to school和come back为并列谓语，因此也只有一个主谓结构。 [来源学科网Z,X,X,K]练习5. 分析下列句子并划分成分，在后面的括号内标明是什么充当句子的宾语补足语。 1. They appointed him manager. （名词） 2. They painted the door green. （形容词） 3. He pushed the door open. （形容词） 4. They found the house deserted. （形容词） 5. What makes him think so? （省略to的不定式） 6. We saw him out. （副词） 7. He asked me to come back soon. （动词不定式） 8. I saw them getting on the bus. （现在分词 ） 9. We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here.（名词） 10. I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词 ） 11. We elected him monitor. （名词 ） 12. Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词） 练习6. 辨别下列斜体动词是系动词还是实义动词。 1.系动词 4. 连系动词 2. 实义动词；连系动词 3.连系动词 5.实义动词 练习7. 用下划线画出下列句中的系动词。 1. His advice proved right. 2. The shop stays open till 8 o’clock. 3. The machine went wrong. 4. All these efforts seem in vain. 5. These words sound reasonable. 6. The room soon became crowded. 7. The days are getting longer and longer. 8. He fell ill yesterday. 9. Trees turn green in spring. 10. What you said sounds great. 1. pointing改为pointed; closest to me是形容词短语作the man的后臵定语，pointed在这里是谓语。 2. working改为work；work是谓语，后面是目的状语。 3. 在able前加be；should后跟动词原形，而able是形容词，需要和be连用。 4. sadly改为sad；feel是系动词，后跟形容词作表语。 5. you改为your；you“你”，your“你的”；send后跟双宾语。 6. got改为get, 这里是省略to的不定式作宾补；well改 15

答案与解析

5. 6. 7. 8.

并列句。

含有时间状语从句的复合句。 并列句。

复合句，what he said也是一个主谓结构，名词性从句作主语。

9. 简单句，只有一个主谓结构。 10. 简单句，前面为并列主语。 11. and连接的并列句。 12. 由so连接的并列句。 13. 简单句。

14. but连接前后为并列句，但后面又是一个含有定语从

句的复合句。

15. 含有让步状语从句的复合句。

练习2. 说出下列复合句中，where引导的是什么从句。 1. 地点状语从句2. 定语从句 3. 宾语从句 4. 主语从句 5. 表语从句

练习3. 利用英语句子结构规律做下列各题。

[来源学科网][来源:Zxxk.Com]7. they前加and；两个简单句直接用逗号连接是错误的。 8. and后加I’m；20 years old的主语不是My name。 9. trusting改为trust；trust和have是并列的。 10. sat改为sit；sit和lie构成并列谓语。

11. feel改为feeling；feeling good和strong是并列的，都

是作keep的补语。keep 后跟现在分词作补语。 12. good前加is；后句中each是主语，has a delicious taste

是第一个谓语，is good for health是第二个谓语。 13. 在not前加were；willing是形容词，前面加be才能

作谓语。 14. leave改为left；left和walked是并列的。

15. 去to；earn和finish是并列的，所以要用动词原形。 16. telling改为told; told和saw是并列关系。 17. swim；play, swim和go是并列关系。

18. visiting；visiting和making是并列的，都是thinking of的宾语。 19. opened；put, opened和started是并列谓语。 20. found；found和stopped是并列的。 21. watch；watch和sit是并列的。 22. face；face和enjoy是并列的。

23. Thank you so much for not only giving me life, but also

teaching me how to be a good person. 24. I particularly enjoy sitting beside you and listening to

you tell stories. 25. In the past, we had to sit at our desks in silence and pay

attention to what the teachers were saying. 26. I still remember getting up early that day and feeling

anxious about the new world.

1. D 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. B 7. D 8. D

1. but去掉或者改为yet；两个简单句用一个连词连接就

行，用了“虽然”，不用“但是”，yet可以作副词。 2. 去掉when；the telephone rang应为主句。 3. 去掉that；because本身就是连词，不能再用that。 4. 在my前加of；But是在意思上与前面连接，因此后面用so是正确的。 5. 去掉so；前面with的复合结构不是一个分句，因此整个句子还是简单句，所以后面不必用连词。 6. 后句的he前加and；which引导的是定语从句，其前后的两个句子构成了并列句，要有并列连词连接。

27. I dream of standing on the platform in the classroom and

giving lessons to lovely boys and girls.

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