新东方难长句精解与语法精要50页

3. For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.

要点句中had he grown up ... 是虚拟条件中省略if 的倒装结构。翻译时,要把if 的含义

译出。主句为并列谓语\结构。句中how 引导宾语从句。虚拟条 件句为宾语从句的状语。根据汉语的表达习惯,条件状语常前置。

译文例如,它们并不弥补明显的社会不公； 因此,它们说明不了一个物质条件差的年轻 人,如果在较好的环境下成长,会有多大的才干。

4. So involved with their computers do the children become that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.

要点本句的基本结构是the children become so involved with their computers that...。因为 把so involved with their computers 放在了句首,所以句子必须倒装。因为该句的动词是 become,所以用do 来帮助倒装。翻译时宜用正装语序。

译文参加计算机夏令营的孩子们对计算机如此着迷,以至夏令营的负责人常常不得不 强迫他们停下来参加体育运动或做游戏。

5. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access - after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. 要点破折号后面的部分是用来解释句子主句的,在结构上是部分倒装句,属\（从句）the

＋比较级...,（主句） the ＋比较级\句型,这样的句子一般主谓不倒装。翻译时可用正装。 universalize:使普遍化；使通用化。

译文随着国际互联网越来越商业化,普及上网会对商家有利, 因为上网的人越多,潜在 的顾客数量就越多。

6. Only after studies provided evidence of the harmful effects of such programs has it been possible to modify TV programming policies.

要点only 是加强语气的词语,位于句首时,主谓语要倒装。这样的句子一般可按原文顺序 翻译。has it been ...是主句,正装应是it has been...。

译文只有大量调研提供出证据表明此类节目产生不良影响后,电视节目审查政策才有 可能改变。

7. Unpopular as red has been in the past at the moment it is a favorite hair style.

要点这是一个主从复合句,主句是at the moment it is a favorite hair style。在让步状语从

句中,作为表语的unpopular 放在as 前面位于句首,构成部分倒装。形容词＋as 从句在意思上 等于although...,一般翻译成\虽然?\。注意这个形容词不能放在动词后面,否则整个句子意思 不同。

译文虽然过去红色不受欢迎,眼下红色染发剂却备受青睐。

8. Lonely was seeing his daughter only twice a week since the divorce.

要点这是一个完全倒装句,主语是seeing his daughter...divorce。翻译时可正装。 译文他只是觉得离婚后每周只能看女儿两次让他感到孤独。

9. So perilous was this one that he was the only security officer on the site.

要点该句的原结构是this one was so perilous that...,因为把so perilous 放在句首,所以句 子要主谓倒装。翻译时可正装。

译文做现场惟一的保安官员,这差使还真有点危险。

10. In front of me stood the essential tools of the intelligence officer's trade - a desk, two

telephones, one scrambled（改变频率使不被窃听）for outside calls, and to one side a large green metal safe with an oversized combination lock on the front.

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要点这是一个并列句,由and 连接。第一个分句中破折号前面是一个完全倒装句,主语是 the essential tools of the intelligence officer's trade。破折号后面的部分是用来解释trade。One scrambled for outside calls 等于one of which was scrambled for outside calls。第二个分句也是 一个完全倒装句,只是在to one side 后面省去了动词stood。该句可按原文语序翻译,第二个分 句中省去的动词应翻译出来。

译文展现在我面前的是情报官员这一行的基本用具--一张写字台、两部电话,其中一部

是变频加密外线电话,在我旁边是一个大型的绿色金属保险柜,其正面有一把特大号复合密码 锁。

第三章分割结构

分割结构是一种修辞手段,在英语句子中,特别是在书面语中,比较常见。分割结构就是指 把英语句子中原来属于一个整体的句子成分分割开,一部分留在句子的原来位置,另一部分远 离原来位置。

如：The best books are treasuries of good words, the golden thoughts, which, remembered and cherished, become our constant companions and comforters. 不难看出which become our constant companions and comforters 原本是一个整体,被用作状语的过去分词remembered and cherished 分割开。常见的分割结构形式有同位语或同位语从句与先行词的分割,定语或and 定语从句与先行词的分割,主语与谓语的分割,谓语与宾语的分割。使用分割结构的目的是使 语句结构平衡,避免头重脚轻,或者为了使表达的主题思想更加突出醒目,读起来更通顺流畅。 分割结构的存在说明了英语在结构形式和表达方法上的生动性和灵活性,但也造成了句子结 构的错综复杂。对于分割结构,只有从结构上和语意上弄清它才能避免理解上的错误,英译汉 时要把原来属于一个整体部分的意义译出。

如：An unusual present was given to him for his birthday, a book on ethics.过生日的时候他 得到了一件不寻常的礼物--一本关于伦理道德的书。(present 和a book 被分隔)

再如： After Galileo's work the feeling grew that there were universal laws governing the

motion of bodies and that these laws might apply to motion in the heavens as well as on earth.在 伽利略著作之后,这样的认识加强了,即认为存在着支配物体运动的普遍规律,这些规律不仅 支配着地球上的也支配着天体上的物体的运动。(the feeling 和that 从句被分隔)

此外,还有定语（或定语从句）与其中心词被分隔,某些词语与其所要求的介词被分隔,

动词与其宾语被分隔,介词与其宾语被分隔等。总之,英语的分隔应遵循尾重原则（应当把长 而复杂的成分放在句末,从而使结构平衡匀称,以避免主语部分太长,谓语部分太短）和句尾信 息焦点原则（把新信息,即语义重点放在句子末尾）。阅读时要注意把原来属于一个整体的各

部分找出来。

1. Such a viewpoint, particularly prominent in the developing countries, is reinforced by the widely-held belief that it is not the peaceful application of nuclear energy that is endangering the survival of mankind.

第一层： Such a viewpoint, particularly prominent in the developing countries, is reinforced 主定系表

by the widely-held belief that it is not the peaceful application of nuclear energy that is end- 状同位语从句

dangering the survival of mankind.

第二层： (同位语从句) that it is not the peaceful application of nuclear energy that 引形主系强调主语定引

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is endangering the survival of mankind. 谓宾定

要点本句主干为\；形容词短语

\作为插入语修饰\将主语和谓语 分隔开来;介词短语\是被动语态\的行为主体；\is...mankind\是\的同位语从句,这里还含有一个强调句式,即\application...that is endangering...\。

译文这种在发展中国家显得尤为突出的观点被一种广泛持有的信念所加强,即并非和 平利用核能正危害着人类的生存。

2. No girl should marry a man whose last name has the same initial as hers, for, as the rhyme goes, \

第一层： No girl should marry a man whose last name has the same initial as hers , 主谓宾定语从句

for, as the rhyme goes, \状语从句

第二层： (定语从句) whose last name has the same initial as hers, 引主谓宾定

(状语从句) for, as the rhyme goes, \引状谓宾连宾谓状 instead of better.\

要点这是个主从复合句。for 是连接词,引导状语从句。as the rhyme goes 是插入语,插在 for 和它引导的从句之间,造成for 和它引导的从句的分离,翻译时,可译成一个主谓结构。 译文姑娘不该嫁给与自己的姓的首字母相同的人,因为正如一首童谣所说：改姓不改首 字母,婚后必将受其苦。

3. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the \with the team.

要点否定词nor 放在句首时,主谓倒装。is 放到了主语management 前。同时,if 引导的 条件状语从句置于nor 与句子的其他成分之间,造成了句子的割裂状态。条件状语从句中as desirable... as the writing...可视为同级比较结构。句中who 引导的定语从句修饰先行词 thinkers,可采用合译的方法翻译。be blamed for 为固定短语,意为\因?而受指责\。in favor of ... 在句中做状语。

译文假如像学术论文反映的那样,科学家们期望看到与某种标准模式符合的规律性和

一致性。那么,如果管理者们歧视研究者中的\怪杰\而喜欢善于合作的较常规思维的人,这也 是无可指责的。

4. I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of \and making the alternative move into \financial success and social status.

要点本句中as perhaps Kelsey will...引导的方式状语从句放到了主句的谓语动词

discovered 与that 引导的宾语从句之间,从而造成动宾之间的分割。as 引导的从句中省略了谓

语动词discover,是为了避免重复。宾语从句中主语为\并列的动名

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词短语；谓语为\结构,只是因宾语过长,而把with 短语提前了。

译文我发觉,放弃那种\日夜操劳的生活\信念而选择\放慢生活的节奏\会带来比金钱和

社会地位更大的回报。凯尔西在长期经受巨大压力后,从惹人注目的《女性》杂志编辑部退 出之后,恐怕她也将与我有同样的感觉。

5. Such an outcome, if it happens, could cause a political controversy; or it could lead to more power being transferred to the EU in the worst possible circumstances, namely when the Union is deeply unpopular.

要点这是个复合句。条件从句因为太短,置于主句的主谓之间,造成句子割裂,翻译时应 将从句提到句首。namely when the...unpopular 是一个状语从句,用来解释the worst possible circumstances。the EU: the European Union,欧盟。

译文这种结果一旦产生,就可能引起政治上的争吵；在最糟糕的情况下,即在欧盟很不得 人心的时候,也可能使更多的权利落到欧盟手中。

6. That fact, let alone the current division between the 11 euro countries and the four, led by

Britain, that have not joined, is likely to mean that the Union should become a multi-system entity, with some countries signing up to everything and others choosing only some things.

要点句子的主干结构是That fact... is likely to mean that...。with some countries signing up to everything and others choosing only some things 是\复合结构\形式,表示伴随状态。短 语let alone...not joined 置于主谓之间,造成句子割裂,翻译时应将其还原,放在最后。分词短语 led by Britain 和定语从句that have not joined 都修饰the four。euro:欧元。multi-:前缀,表示\多?的\如mutilateral,多边的：multiple,多个的。

译文这一事实可能意味着欧盟将成为一个多体系的实体,其中一些国家对每一件事都

表示赞同,而另一些则不尽然；更不用说以英国为首的尚未加入欧洲统一货币体系的四国和 已经加入这一体系的十一个欧元国家之间目前已存在的分歧了。

7. This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.

要点该句的主干结构是This trend began during the Second World War, when...。when 引 导定语从句,修饰the Second World War。that the specific...detail 是conclusion 的同位语从句, 在该从句中,主语是the specific demands of its scientific establishment,that a government wants to make 是demands 的定语从句。该定语从句放在其先行词demands 和of 介词短语之间, 造成句子的割裂。翻译时,可把被割裂的部分还原。

译文这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间,当时一些国家的政府得出这样的结论：政府要 向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。

8. Observations were made of the children at the beginning and at the end of preschool and first grade.

要点整个of 短语作observations 的定语,相当于Observations of the children at the beginning and at the end of preschool and first grade were made。因为定语太长,所以将其置于动 词之后,以避免句子头重脚轻。这样就造成了句子的割裂,翻译时应将被割裂的部分还原。 preschool:学前的。

译文人们对孩子们在学前班和小学一年级开始时和结束时的情况都曾进行过观察。 9. Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.

要点这是一个简单句。Whether to...situation 是本句的主语,depends 是谓语动词,两个

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