(江苏专版)18年高考英语二轮复习增分篇专题巧突破专题三阅读理解专题限时检测(十七)阅读理解推理判断

A．human relationships C．internal drives

B．financial rewards D．social expectations

解析：选C 推理判断题。文章倒数第二段告诉我们，addiction和compulsion的区别就是内在的动机不同，如addiction是为了一时的快乐，而compulsion则是为了避免不好的结果。因此选C。

★9.What's the author's attitude towards compulsion? A．Objective. C．Doubtful.

B．Negative. D．Cautious.

解析：选A 观点态度题。通读全文可知，作者只是客观地讲述了强迫症的特点和影响，所以A项符合语境。

C

(2017·江苏省高考名校联考)The number of women taking maternity leave (产假) in the United States has not changed over the last two decades, according to a new study, even as the national economy has grown and new family leave policies have been implemented in three states.

Study author Jay Zagorsky says he began looking into maternity leave rates after two of his nieces gave birth around the same time last year. “One got an amazing package — full pay for a few months — and the other had to cobble (拼凑) together vacation and sick time，” he says. “I was astonished.”

“I did a little research, and there were no numbers，” he added. “The government tracks which employers provide maternity leave, but no one has calculated how many people are using it.” Zagorsky was troubled to find no increase over time, considering research that shows how beneficial it can be — for both parents and newborns — to spend time together. Giving mothers time off from work to bond with new babies has been shown to improve the physical and mental health of mothers, reduce cesarean deliveries, save infants' lives and encourage breastfeeding, the study notes.

Over the 22-year study, the US economy grew by 66%, and the gross domestic product rose from $9.9 trillion to $16.4 trillion a year. During that time, California, New Jersey and Rhode Island passed the first state laws to provide paid family leave. New York will become the fourth state to offer paid family leave. In other states, most employees are covered by federal law providing 12 weeks of unpaid time off after a baby's birth. Individual companies or state policies may expand beyond these provisions.

5

But just because maternity leave is available doesn't mean women will take it, Zagorsky says. The Department of Labor estimates that only about 12% of private sector employees have access to paid family leave, and Zagorsky's study showed that only 47.5% of the women who took time off in 2015 were paid for it.

The rate of paid maternity leave increased over the study period, but only by a quarter of a percent per year. At that rate, Zagorsky says, it will take another decade before even 60% of US women going on leave receive such benefits. “This is a very low figure for the nation with the world's largest annual gross domestic product，” he writes.

Even

if

a

woman

is

paid

for

her

maternity

leave,

she_may_keep_herself_aloof_from_it. The reason may be that she's worried about being replaced or valued less at work, the study notes. She may also only receive a fraction of her normal salary, which can make providing for her family unmanageable.

The study suggests that the paid maternity leave laws that are in place may be “ineffective, not fully implemented, or too narrowly defined to have an impact”. The women who took time off after giving birth were more likely to be better educated and financially better off than the typical mother.

Zagorsky did not have information about the number of births every month, so he was unable to determine the exact percentage of working parents that used family leave. But based on the number of births per year, he estimates that about 10% of men and 54% of women take some time off. Based on employment and economic data, Zagorsky says the stalled (停顿的) maternity leave numbers can't be explained by unemployment rates, the recession or women dropping out of the workforce.

In a 2007 analysis of 173 countries, the United States was one of only four nations that didn't have a federal paid maternity leave policy for women after childbirth. In 98 countries, new mothers were required to receive at least 14 weeks of paid time off. During his campaign, President Donald Trump said he supported a plan for six weeks of paid leave for new mothers. (He has not proposed paid leave for fathers or other caregivers.) Even if those six weeks are implemented, Zagorsky says, “We still have a long way to go to catch up with the rest of the world.”

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。美国经济虽然在增长，但女性休产假的人数并没有显著增加，这究竟是什么原因造成的呢？

10．Why does Jay Zagorsky mention his two nieces?

6

A．To introduce the subject of his study. B．To state the purpose of his study.

C．To explain the inspiration behind his study. D．To stress the significance of his study.

解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“... says he began looking into maternity leave rates after two of his nieces gave birth ... vacation and sick time ...”可知，他的两个侄女差不多同时生孩子，但一个侄女得到了几个月的全薪产假，而另一个则不得不把她工作中的假期和病假拼凑到一起来休产假，这让他感到很惊讶，因此他才开始了针对产假的研究。由此可知，Jay Zagorsky提及他的两个侄女是为了说明他研究的灵感来源。故选C。

11．Which statement may Zagorsky agree with?

A．Unpaid maternity leave will be knocked out gradually. B．At least 14-week paid maternity leave should be offered. C．The US paid maternity leave policies are well carried out. D．Few US women really benefit from the paid maternity leave.

解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第五、六段的内容及第八段中的“the paid maternity leave laws that are in place may be ‘ineffective, not fully implemented, or too narrowly defined to have an impact’”可知，Zagorsky认为：在美国，能真正从带薪产假中获益的女性是很少的。故选D。

12．The underlined sentence implies that a US woman ________. A．may fail to take on her responsibilities B．dare not voice her doubts and concerns C．is dissatisfied with her maternity leave D．may not take her paid maternity leave

解析：选D 句意理解题。根据画线句后的“The reason may be that she's worried about ...which can make providing for her family unmanageable.”可知，有带薪产假的女性会担心自己在工作中被取代或者不那么被重视，也有可能只能拿到正常工资的一部分从而使其不能养家糊口。因此，即使一位女性有带薪产假，她可能也会选择不参与，即不休产假。故选D。

13．In Zagorsky's view, what contributes to the unchanged maternity leave numbers?

A．High unemployment rates. B．Maternity leave policies. C．The worsening national economy.

7

D．Lack of female employees.

解析：选B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Zagorsky says the stalled (停顿的) ...or women dropping out of the workforce”可知，高失业率、国民经济的恶化以及缺少女性劳动力都不是休产假的女性数量保持稳定的原因。再结合最后一段中的“the United States was one of only four nations ... Zagorsky says, ‘We still have a long way to go to catch up with the rest of the world.’”可知，这个问题和美国的产假政策有关。故选B。

★14.What's Zagorsky's attitude to the condition of maternity leave in America? A．Doubtful. C．Concerned.

B．Subjective. D．Optimistic.

解析：选C 观点态度题。根据文中提到的美国经济虽然增长了，但休产假的女性的人数并没有显著增加，而大多数女性并未从美国现存的产假制度中受益等内容以及最后一段中的“We still have a long way to go to catch up with the rest of the world”可推知，Zagorsky对美国的产假制度是持一种担忧的态度的。

15．What is the best title for the passage?

A．Maternity leave isn't getting more popular in the US B．Introducing paid maternity leave is a difficult task C．Maternity leave still has a long way to go in the US D．Maternity leave is all a matter of choice

解析：选A 标题归纳题。根据文章内容尤其是第一段中的“The number of women taking maternity leave (产假) in ...even as the national economy has grown”可知，虽然美国的经济增长了，但女性休产假的人数并没有显著增加，即休产假在美国未流行起来。而下文的内容都是围绕这个主题进行论述的，故A项做本文标题最佳。

8