浙江茶叶出口存在的问题

have greatly affected China's farm goods exports, especially in the coastal areas where most of the country's exports come from. For instance, the volume of exported frozen chickens via Shenzhen port in South China's Guangdong Province declined by 40 percent year-on-year in the first four months of this year as a result of limits from \Chinese agricultural goods have expanded from developed WTO members such as the United States, Japan and European Union nations to include some other members including South Korea and Singapore. At the same time, the categories of affected farm goods have also increased from tea, honey, frozen chicken to cover all livestock and aquatic products, the professor said. The \trade barriers have made it unlikely that China can dominate in the exports of labor-intensive farm products that range from vegetables, nuts and fruit to shrimp or poultry. Xue blamed the worsening problem on poor environmental awareness and lax quality management systems.

Too strict proviso is unfair for developing countries, considering their lower standards of environment protection and legislation. What is worse, its portential influence on the trade of developed countries from a long perspective is also negative. It decreased Chinese export which would exacerbate the workers' laid-off and would lessen the purchasing power for American goods on Chinese market; meanwhile, the export restrictions of Chinese cheap goods to U.S. may boost inflation rate in American or even lower people's standards of living.

However,I think green barrier is a great exploit in the history of international trade, which can protect our health, resources and environment effectively. On one hand, developing countries are expected to improve the quality of their products to meet the requirements of the goods on the world market, transform the mode of economic development, and establish the same quality standard system at home as the international society did. On the other hand, the developed countries may well give, to certain degree, understandings to the developing countries in particular and enhance the green barried gradually instead of laying much restraints in a short time, for green barried would benefit all the country in the future as long as every nation (especially developing countries)'s standards are improved to higher levels. Once certain country's benefit is harmed, it is unavoidable for some other country's economy to run into a blank wall.

Just like U.S. and China, they have solid foundation of cooperation and common interests, so a good trade relationship between the two nations is of significant

importance for the whole world.

Through the analysis above, we can find out that because the technical barriers to the trade has many characteristics such as invisibility, legitimacy, flexibility and complexity, it is frequently used by a lot of countries in contemporary international trade. Shandong, the biggest province of China in exporting agricultural products, recently, due to the trading partners’ constant setting up the technological barriers to trade, has suffered enormous economic losses. The ability of foreign exchange earning of agricultural products has dropped. So, To adopt some positive and effective countermeasures to break the restriction of the technical barriers to trade has become the top priority of Shandong. Such as carrying on Green Card Action, foresting management mainstay, implementing IT application, establishing modern marketing, speeding up construction of inspection, strengthening communication with world , strengthening

study

of

international

laws,

developing

industrialized

operation ,advancing strategy of “introducing, going out”, and so forth. Agriculture standardization is the essential way of getting rid of the restriction of the technical barriers to trade for Shandong’s agriculture. Only by pursuing agriculture standardization, could Shandong integrate with the international standard, reach the international standard level; pursuing the ISO9000 and ISO14000 series standards and launching the quality authentication of the products is an easy passport for enterprises to enter the international market. And brand construction is like a sharp weapon in breaking the technical barriers to trade. For that the brand of agricultural products is the embodiment of producer's comprehensive strength in producing products, it is also the symbols of the quality and value of agricultural products. Application to agriculture is a strong and effective support in tackling the technical barriers to trade; implementing the green card action of the agricultural product exported is a systemic project in crossing over the technical barriers to the trade.

The author emphasizes that the countermeasures mentioned above are not mutually isolated in the course of breaking the technical barriers to the trade; however, they support each other. Agricultural standardization asks for information standardization, pursuing ISO9000 and ISO14000 series standard and launching the authentication of the products; and the two measures mentioned above combining with international marketing concept are the objective requirement for establishing competitive operation mainstay; the strategy of “introducing, going out” is the practical way to cultivate the competitive mainstay; increasing technology input,

carrying out Green Card Action and accelerating the system construction of safe-production and inspection are the strong method of fostering competitive mainstay; improving the communication with other countries and strengthening the study of the international laws is a necessary measure to carry on the exportation soundly for Shandong. Agricultural standardization, which is market-oriented, can standardize and improve the quality of agricultural products from the aspect of technological content and management level, reduce the production cost, raise the international competitiveness of agricultural products and promote the brand establishment of the agricultural products. The green card action is an effective measure that we use the advanced experience of foreign countries for reference and launch the source controlling. The author believes that, besides the countermeasure mentioned above, we should also be exploring other countermeasures to break the restriction of the technical barrier to the trade which are accord with the practical operation of Shandong It will take a few years even several decades for Shandong to break the technical barriers to the trade, and it need the governments at all levels, enterprise and peasant to joint together, make joint efforts, to consolidate the status of Shandong as the largest province in exporting agricultural products .

附 录2

绿色贸易壁垒和中国进出口贸易

绿色贸易壁垒，是指一种有限的资源，对外国的产品或服务通过一系列故意严格的标准保护环境和人民健康。限制关税壁垒，这是一个重要组成部分的国际贸易发展中的影响程度。 “绿色壁垒”，这种贸易保护主义的新形式，现在已经成为一个主要的一个非关税贸易壁垒的国际贸易。中国作为一个贸易大国，绿色贸易壁垒已经影响到了对外贸易的发展，几乎影响我国出口的所有方面。因此，本文系统地对中国对外贸易中的绿色贸易壁垒，如何构建在中国的绿色贸易壁垒的影响具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。

以网箱中电器行业为例，讨论我们的家电行业绿色贸易壁垒的石笼相应的对策和建议。国家统计局称，该部7个月前公布上周五的22区工业利润11107亿元，增长和下降了17.3%，规模以上工业企业的数据增加了去年同期增长约7.5%的不同百分之二十五。网箱其实，工业界和相互利润进入趋势，因为在2009年有被。石笼这种现象可以发生，为什么？增值产业及转变之间的巨大差异的主要原因是公司利润的计算方法是不同的方块。价值的工业增长速度将是实用，工业增加值的价格变化，而在销售和利润的效率指数变动的影响，网箱的计算方法与名义增长。因此，在价格劲升，石笼下，企业利润增长速度的情况往往比工业的增加值的增长，在价格下降的情况下，中企业的利润增长趋于缓慢增长的工业部门。在今年头7个月网箱，例如，规模以上工业企业增长7.5%，价值工厂交货价格降低到估计，如果不能消除石笼价格因素，工业部门的名义增长率可能低于2%，利润将在变化明显的差异。工资增长迅速，在一定程度上压缩利润增长空间。在工业部门，主要包括工资，税收，生产管理网箱的成本和利润等的最高工资的比例，根据历史数据，增加值石笼业界估计，约有40%的企业员工工资。在经济低迷的状况，因为工资一般不强的刚性，销售和商品价格，在价值中的比例下降将上升，从而对企业的利润网箱挤压产品数据管理（PDM）的形成是融合的概念，软件，硬件和网络技术和管理的实施，是与融合，石笼之间的融合。项目团队的合作，可以成为执行最直接的影响因素。在双林过程中的实施项目组，企业首先形成一