新prep逻辑笔记cr2

星球上的细菌在蛋白质结构上可能有很大的不同。地球上没有任何2个细菌的机构是不同到足够认为他们是来自不同星球的，所以即便火星上的细菌曾经到过地球，那么也都死光了。问错误在哪里？D选项说错误的点在于缺乏考虑是否地球上目前所有的细菌是否都来源于火星。如果是的话，那么确实细菌都一样。

98.

(29850-!-item-!-188;#058&004527)

(T-4-Q20 ???-7-22)

The violent crime rate (number of violent crimes per 1,000 residents) in Meadowbrook is 60 percent higher now than it was four years ago. The corresponding increase for Parkdale is only 10 percent. These figures support the conclusion that residents of Meadowbrook are more likely to become victims of violent crime than are residents of Parkdale. The argument above is flawed because it fails to take into account

A. changes in the population density of both Parkdale and Meadowbrook over the past four years

B. how the rate of population growth in Meadowbrook over the past four years compares to the corresponding rate for Parkdale

C. the ratio of violent to nonviolent crimes committed during the past four years in Meadowbrook and Parkdale

D. the violent crime rates in Meadowbrook and Parkdale four years ago

E. how Meadowbrook's expenditures for crime prevention over the past four years compare to Parkdale's expenditures

犯罪率在M地区比4年前高60%， 相对应的，P地区的只有10%， 因此M地区的人比P地区的人更加的容易犯罪。问错误在哪里？ D选项说没有考虑4年前M和P地区的犯罪率。如果4年前M地区犯罪率很低，即便增长了60%也比P地区低。谁低谁高说不清楚。

99. (28160-!-item-!-188;#058&002834) (GWD 21-Q33)

One of the limiting factors in human physical performance is the amount of oxygen that is absorbed by the muscles from the bloodstream. Accordingly, entrepreneurs have begun

selling at gymnasiums and health clubs bottles of drinking water, labeled “SuperOXY,” that has extra oxygen dissolved in the water. Such water would be useless in improving physical

performance, however, since the amount of oxygen in the blood of someone who is exercising is already more than the muscle cells can absorb.

Which of the following, if true, would serve the same function in the argument as the statement in boldface?

A. world-class athletes turn in record performances without such water

B. frequent physical exercise increases the body’s ability to take in and use oxygen

C. the only way to get oxygen into the bloodstream so that it can be absorbed by the muscles is through the lungs

D. lack of oxygen is not the only factor limiting human physical performance E. the water lost in exercising can be replaced with ordinary tap water 100. (30745-!-item-!-188;#058&005748) (T-9-Q28. ???-7-13 , different type)

Lyme disease is caused by a bacterium transmitted to humans by deer ticks. Generally, deer ticks pick up the bacterium while in the larval stage by feeding on infected white-footed mice. However, certain other species on which the larvae feed do not harbor the bacterium. If the population of these other species were increased, more of the larvae would be feeding on uninfected hosts, so the number of ticks acquiring the bacterium would likely decline.

Which of the following would it be most important to ascertain in evaluating the argument? A. Whether populations of the other species on which deer tick larvae feed are found only in areas also inhabited by white-footed mice

B. Whether the size of the deer tick population is currently limited by the availability of animals for the tick's larval stage to feed on

C. Whether the infected deer tick population could be controlled by increasing the number of animals that prey on white-footed mice

D. Whether deer ticks that were not infected as larvae can become infected as adults by feeding on deer on which infected deer ticks have fed

E. Whether the other species on which deer tick larvae feed harbor any other bacteria that ticks transmit to humans

L是一种通过鹿的虱子传播给人的一种疾病。一般来看，鹿虱子一般是在幼虫阶段吃了感染的白脚鼠。但是其它物种吃了就不会感染病菌。如果别的物种增多，那么他们将增加多吃白脚鼠的机会，所以虱子吃到细菌的机会就会降低。问评价？B选项是否虱子的数量会被限制的客厅可提供在虱子幼虫阶段的动物所限制。意思是幼虫阶段对于虱子今后的数量很重要，而且在幼虫阶段食物被限制了，就像文中所说的让别的物种吃了，那么虱子吃到的就少了，虱子吃到的少了，那么得病的几率就低了。

101. (31307-!-item-!-188;#058&006085) (GWD 6-Q33)

Crowding on Mooreville’s subway frequently leads to delays, because it is difficult for

passengers to exit from the trains. Over the next ten years, the Mooreville Transit Authority projects that subway ridership will increase by 20 percent. The authority plans to increase the number of daily train trips by only 5 percent over the same period. Officials predict that this increase is sufficient to ensure that the incidence of delays due to crowding does not increase. Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest grounds for the officials’ prediction? A. The population of Mooreville is not expected to increase significantly in the next ten years. B. The Transit Authority also plans a 5 percent increase in the number of bus trips on routes that connect to subways.

C. The Transit Authority projects that the number of Mooreville residents who commute to work by automobile will increase in the next ten years.

D. Most of the projected increase in ridership is expected to occur in off-peak hours when trains now are sparsely used.

E. The 5 percent increase in the number of train trips can be achieved without an equal increase in Transit Authority operational costs.

拥挤的地铁经常导致M地区的延误发生，因为乘客很难从车里面出来。在未来的10年M地区的地铁乘坐率将上升20%，但是只决定增加5%的车次，政府预测增加的车次已经足够来满足需求了。问为什么？ D选项说乘坐率上升主要是在非交通繁忙时期，那个时候的车上的乘客还是很稀少的。

102. (30457-!-item-!-188;#058&005458) (GWD 5-Q28)

Wind farms, which generate electricity using arrays of thousands of wind-powered turbines, require vast expanses of open land. County X and County Y have similar terrain, but the population density of County X is significantly higher than that of

County Y. Therefore, a wind farm proposed for one of the two counties should be built in County Y rather than in County X.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the planner's argument?

A. County X and County Y are adjacent to each other, and both are located in the windiest area of the state.

B. The total population of County Y is substantially greater than that of County X.

C. Some of the electricity generated by wind farms in County Y would be purchased by users outside the county.

D. Wind farms require more land per unit of electricity generated than does any other type of electrical-generation facility.

E. Nearly all of County X's population is concentrated in a small part of the county, while County Y's population is spread evenly throughout the county.

风场是一种通过使用成千排列的风力涡轮来产生电的，但是需要很大的开阔区域。X和Y地区有相同的区域，但是X地区的人口比Y明显多。所以风场应该选择建立在Y地区。问削弱？Ｅ选项说Ｘ虽然人口多但是都集中在一个很小的区域，Ｙ虽然人少但是却分布的很分散，意思说Ｘ有更加开阔和集中的地区。

103. (25386-!-item-!-188;#058&001420) (GWD 27-Q2)

Electronic computer chips made of tiny silicon wafers now regularly contain millions of

electronic switches. Unfortunately, electronic switches that are this small cannot withstand intense radiation. Micro-Mechanics plans to produce a chip that, because it uses only

microscopic mechanical switches, will be invulnerable to radiation damage. The switches will, however, be slower than electronic switches and the chip will contain only 12,000 switches. For there to be a market for Micro-Mechanics's chip as a result of the apparent advantage described above, each of the following would have to be true EXCEPT:

A. There will be applications in which the speed attainable by an electronic switch is not essential.

B. Switches used on electronic chips that contain only 12,000 switches are more vulnerable to radiation damage than the switches on Micro-Mechanics's chip will be.

C. There will be applications for computer chips in environments where the chips may have to survive intense radiation.

D. Some devices in which computer chips will be used will have other components that will be able to function during or after exposure to radiation.

E. Manufacturers are able to protect electronic computer chips against exposure to intense radiation, where this protection is necessary.

计算机的芯片有非常小的硅晶片由数百万的电子ｓｗｉｔｃｈ组成， 但是这种ｓｗｉｔｃｈ太小而不能经受住剧烈的辐射。Ｍ公司生产另一种芯片，由另外一种ｓｗｉｔｃｈ组成，更加耐辐射。这种ｓｗｉｔｃｈ然后更加的慢，而且芯片只包含１２０００个ｓｗｉｔｃｈ。对于Ｍ公司来说使用这种新品更加有优势，除了以下那种说法？ Ｅ选项说生产者可以保护电脑的芯片，避免他们暴露于高辐射，意思是说生产者有别的办法防止辐射，所以设计出的新ｓｗｉｔｃｈ存在的意义就没有了。

104. (29430-!-item-!-188;#058&004128) (GWD 5-Q26)

Healthy lungs produce a natural antibiotic that protects them from infection by routinely killing harmful bacteria on airway surfaces. People with cystic fibrosis, however, are unable to fight off such bacteria, even though their lungs produce normal amounts of the antibiotic. The fluid on airway surfaces in the lungs of people with cystic fibrosis has an abnormally high salt concentration; accordingly, scientists hypothesize that the high salt concentration is what makes the antibiotic ineffective.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the scientists’ hypothesis?

A. When the salt concentration of the fluid on the airway surfaces of healthy people is raised artificially, the salt concentration soon returns to normal.

B. A sample of the antibiotic was capable of killing bacteria in an environment with an unusually low concentration of salt.

C. When lung tissue from people with cystic fibrosis is maintained in a solution with a normal salt concentration, the tissue can resist bacteria.

D. Many lung infections can be treated by applying synthetic antibiotics to the airway surfaces. E. High salt concentrations have an antibiotic effect in many circumstances.

健康的肺能自然产生一种抗体来抵抗细菌。然后疾病Ｃ使得肺不能战胜细菌，即便能产生抗体。原因是因为产生了盐浓度上升，所以科学家假设高浓度的盐使得抗体实效。问加强？ Ｃ选项说当肺处于在正常浓度的盐环境下，肺能抵抗细菌了。意思是确实是盐的作用。

105. (28302-!-item-!-188;#058&002915) (GWD 24-Q15)

Healthy lungs produce a natural antibiotic that protects them from infection by routinely killing harmful bacteria on airway surfaces. People with cystic fibrosis, however, are unable to fight off such bacteria, even though their lungs produce normal amounts of the antibiotic. Since the fluid on airway surfaces in the lungs of people with cystic fibrosis has an abnormally high salt concentration, scientists hypothesize that in high-salt environments the antibiotic becomes

ineffective at killing harmful bacteria.

Which of the following, if it were obtained as an experimental result, would most decisively undermine the scientists’ hypothesis?

A. Healthy lungs in which the salt concentration of the airway-surface fluid has been

substantially increased are able to reestablish their normal salt concentration within a relatively short period of time.

B. The antibiotic produced by the lungs is effective at killing harmful bacteria even when salt concentrations are below levels typical of healthy lungs.

C. The salt concentration of the airway-surface fluid in the lungs of people who suffer from cystic fibrosis tends to return to its former high levels after having been reduced to levels typical of healthy lungs.

D. The lungs of people who suffer from cystic fibrosis are unable to fight off harmful bacteria even when the salt concentration is reduced to levels typical of healthy lungs.

E. The salt concentration in the airway-surface fluid of people whose lungs produce

lower-than-average amounts of the antibiotic is generally much lower than that typical of healthy lungs.

健康的肺能自然产生一种抗体来抵抗细菌。然后疾病Ｃ使得肺不能战胜细菌，即便能产生抗体。原因是因为产生了盐浓度上升，所以科学家假设高浓度的盐使得抗体实效。问削弱？ Ｄ选项说那些感染Ｃ的病人，即便把盐浓度减少到正常肺的浓度，依旧无法抵抗细菌，言外之意是说跟盐浓度没什么关系。

106. (24584-!-item-!-188;#058&000967) (GWD 28-Q11,different type)

Trancorp currently transports all its goods to Burland Island by truck. The only bridge over the channel separating Burland from the mainland is congested, and trucks typically spend hours in traffic. Trains can reach the channel more quickly than trucks, and freight cars can be transported to Burland by barges that typically cross the channel in an hour. Therefore, to reduce shipping time, Trancorp plans to switch to trains and barges to transport goods to Burland.

Which of the following, if true, casts most serious doubt on whether Trancorp's plan will succeed?

A. It does not cost significantly more to transport goods to Burland by truck than it does to transport goods by train and barge.

B. The number of cars traveling over the bridge into Burland is likely to increase slightly over the next two years.

C. Because there has been so much traffic on the roads leading to the bridge between Burland and the mainland, these roads are in extremely poor condition.

D. Barges that arrive at Burland typically wait several hours for their turn to be unloaded. E. Most trucks transporting goods into Burland return to the mainland empty.

Ｔ公司决定用卡车运送它的货物到Ｂ岛，通往Ｂ岛只有一个桥连接而且经常拥堵。火车比汽车更快的到达，货物可以在一个小时之内到达，因为为了减少运输时间，Ｔ公司应该用火车。问削弱？Ｄ选项说火车到达Ｂ岛后，需要等待好几小时来卸载。可见时间并没有节省下来

107. (31025-!-item-!-188;#058&005951) (GWD-TN-12,T-4-Q2)

Twenty years ago, Balzania put in place regulations requiring operators of surface mines to pay for the reclamation of mined-out land. Since then, reclamation technology has not improved. Yet, the average reclamation cost for a surface coal mine being reclaimed today is only four dollars per ton of coal that the mine produced, less than half what it cost to reclaim surface mines in the years immediately after the regulations took effect.

Which of the following, if true, most helps to account for the drop in reclamation costs described?

A. Even after Balzania began requiring surface mine operators to pay reclamation costs, coal mines in Balzania continued to be less expensive to operate than coal mines in almost any other country.