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基于单片机的LED显示屏制作

摘 要

LED点阵显示屏作为一种新兴的显示器件，是由多个独立的LED发光二极管封装而成. LED 点阵显示屏可以显示汉字、数字、符号等, 通常用来显示文字、时间、速度、系统状态等。

本文是32×16点阵LED电子显示屏的设计。整机以美国STC公司生产的40脚单片机STC89C52RC为核心，设计了以其为控制系统的LED点阵电子显示屏的动态设计和开发过程。通过该芯片控制四个行驱动器74HC164和四个列驱动器74HC595来驱动显示屏显示。该设计采用8块8×8点阵LED显示模块来组成一个32×16点阵显示模式，全屏能显示两个汉字，可以采用动态显示方式来显示各种文字或单色图像，使得图形或文字能够实现静止、移入、移出等多种方式显示。

文中设计了LED点阵显示屏的硬件设计思路，硬件电路各个部分的功能及原理，包括系统具体的硬件设计方案、软件流程图和 c 编语言程序等方面。要显示的汉字字模代码保存在某个存储空间，单片机通过读取字模并做相应的处理，然后以不同的显示方式显示在点阵屏上。LED显示屏主要适用于室内外汉字显示，在负载范围内，只需通过简单的级联就可以对显示屏进行扩展。

关键词：STC89C52RC单片机；LED点阵显示；动态显示

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Abstract

LED dot matrix display as a new display device is composed of multiple independent LED light emitting diode package together. LED dot matrix display can display Chinese characters, numbers, symbols, and so on, usually is used to display text, time, speed, system status and so on.

This article is a 32 × 16 dot matrix LED electronic display design. America STC company production of the 40 pin STC89C52RC MCU is the core of complete machine. The design of LED dot matrix display and development process is presented in this paper. MCU controls four rows drivers of 74HC164 and four columns drivers of 74HC595 to drive the LED. The design uses 8 piece of 8 × 8 dot matrix LED display module to form a piece of 32 × 16 dot matrix LED display mode. Full screen can display two characters. Using dynamic display to display a variety of text, monochrome images, graphics or text, can be achieved quiescence, moving in and out and so on by various ways.

This paper designs the hardware of LED dot matrix display and provides various parts of the hardware circuit and the principle functions including the system of specific hardware design, software flowcharts and series c language program. To be displayed character font code is stored in a storage space. The microcontroller by reading the font and make the appropriate treatment to display the character on dot matrix screen in different ways. LED display is mainly used for indoor and outdoor displaying of Chinese characters. The screen is expanded by a simple cascade under the load range.

Key words:STC89C52RC Micro Controller Unit；LED Lattice Display；Dynamic

Display

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目录

1前言 ......................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1研究背景 ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.2研究意义 ....................................................................................................................... 3 2系统整体设计 ......................................................................................................................... 5

2.1设计任务与要求 ........................................................................................................... 5 2.2方案比较与论证 ........................................................................................................... 5

2.2.1静态显示方式 ..................................................................................................... 6 2.2.2动态显示方式 ..................................................................................................... 6 2.3数据传输方案了论证 ................................................................................................... 6 3系统硬件设计 ......................................................................................................................... 8

3.1总体电路框图 ............................................................................................................... 8 3.2单元电路设计 ............................................................................................................... 9

3.2.1单片机系统及外围电路 ..................................................................................... 9 3.2.2行驱动模块电路 ............................................................................................... 13 3.2.3列驱动模块电路 ............................................................................................... 15 3.2.4 LED显示屏设计 .............................................................................................. 17

4系统软件设计 ....................................................................................................................... 20

4.1主程序设计 ................................................................................................................. 20 4.2串行显示一个字节程序设计 ..................................................................................... 22 4.3显示子程序设计 ......................................................................................................... 23 4.4软件调试 ..................................................................................................................... 25

4.4.1编译、连接项目，形成目标文件 ................................................................... 25 4.4.2运行调试、观察结果 ....................................................................................... 27

5系统调试与测试 ................................................................................................................... 28

5.1 Proteus软件仿真 ........................................................................................................ 28 5.2硬件调试 ..................................................................................................................... 28 5.3整体调试 ..................................................................................................................... 29 6设计总结 ............................................................................................................................... 31 致谢 .......................................................................................................................................... 32

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