初中英语语法梳理和提高

You don‘t have to explain it to me if you dislike the job.

注：表示推测的情态动词有表示―一定‖的must, 表示―很有可能‖的should, ought to 和表示―可能‖的can, could, may, might。具体用法如下：

must 表示较有把握的推测，只用于肯定句，不能用语否定句或疑问句。用法如下： 1）对目前动作的推测，用must+动词原形。如： You must lose in the mountain.

2) 对目前状态的推测，用must + be + 表语。如：You speak for 4 hours, you must be thirsty.

在肯定句中，表示对现在或将来把握不大的推测用may (might) +动词原形，might 比 may 的可能性更小；对过去把

握不大的推测用may (might) have+ 过去分词。如： The package might come tomorrow. They may have killed the enemies.

3、在疑问句中，对现在表示推测用can (could) …+动词原形，对过去表示怀疑则用can (could) …have+过去分词；在否定句中，对现在表示推测用can‘t+动词原形，对过去表示推测用can‘t (couldn‘t) have+过去分词。如： It can‘t be John. He has gone to UK. 4、need的双重身份

need 既可作情态动词又可作实意动词，它们的用法不同，如不注意区分，就容易用错。 三）系动词 连词动词的种类

联系动词含有一定意义，它们要与其后做表语的形容词、名词或介词（短语）一起构成合成谓语。系动词按意义可分为三类，而且有自己的特定用法。

1、按意义联系动词有：be, appear, seem, keep, remain, continue, stay, prove 等，如：Jim appears very old. ２、表示感觉的联系动词有look, feel, smell, sound, taste等。如：It smells bad. 3、表示转变的联系动词有become, fall, get, go, grow, turn等。如： She becomes more beautiful than three years ago. 四）行为动词

行为动词又称实义动词，它们都含有实在的意义，表示动作或状态，可在句中独立作谓语。行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词。 １、及物动词

及物动词后一定要跟宾语，意思才能完整。如： My mother told me she wanted to buy some books for me. 2、不及物动词

不及物动词意义完整，不需带宾语，但如果有些不及物动词非要带宾语时，必须先加介词后加宾语。如： He only worried about his daughter. 二、动词的时态

动词的时态有很多。初中阶段主要掌握八种：一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时。 1．一般现在时

1）一般现在时态的构成：主语是I, we, you, they和名词复数时作谓语的行为动词用原形。主语是he, she , it和名词单数时，作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下：

一般情况 以s, x, ch, sh 或 o结尾 以辅音＋y结尾 ＋s ＋es 去y变i＋es 2）一般现在时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和like为例）： 主 语 肯 定 式 否 定 式 疑 问 式 第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数 I am a student. We/You/ students. He/ She is a student. They I am not a student. Are you a student. you/ they are We/You/ They are not Are students. students? He/ She is not a student. Is he/ she a student? I / We/ You/ They/ don‘t Do you/ they like I / We/ You/ They/ like like music. music. Many music.

3）一般现在时态的用法：

现阶段经常性，习惯性的动作 。例如： I get up at six every morning. He plays tennis once a week. 现在的状态 例如：

My mother is a teacher. She teaches English in a school. 客观真理 例如：

The earth goes around the sun. 4）常用于一般现在时态的时间状语：

people Many people don‘t like music? like music. Do many people like music? often usually sometimes always every day never in the morning 等。

例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！

1. --- May I help you, sir?

--- Yes, I bought the TV the day before yesterday, but it ______.

A. didn‘t work B. doesn‘t work C. won‘t work D. can‘t work

解析：电视虽然是前天买的， 但坏了是现在的状态， 应该用一般现在时态。选B. 2．______ the bus until it ______..

A. Get off, stops B. Get off, will stop C. Don‘t get off, stops D. Don‘t get off, will stop

解析：这是一个以until引导的时间状语从句，主句是祈使句，因此从句要用一般现在时表示将要发生的动作。根据句意此题应用not …until（直到……才）句型。应选C。 3．The 70-year-old man ______ exercises in the morning.

A. takes B. are taking C. took D. will take

解析：―这个70岁的老人早晨锻炼。‖这里锻炼是一个经常性、习惯性的动作。因此，应选A.

2. 现在进行时

1）现在进行时的构成：Am/is/ are+ v-ing是现在进行时的构成形式 v-ing现在分词的构成： 一般情况 以不发音字母e结尾的单词。去e,加ing 以辅音字母＋y结尾的单词 以重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母时.

2) 现在进行时的肯定肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式： 主 语 肯 定 式 否 定 式 疑 问 式 +ing +ing 去e+ing 双写词尾字母+ing 第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数 I am driving. He/She/It is working. We/You/They something. are I am not driving. He/She/It doing working. is Are you driving? not Is he/she/it working? Are you/they doing We/You/They are not something? doing anything.

3）现在进行时的用法：

1. 说话时正在进行或发生的动作（动作是在说话时正在进行）。例如： She is having a bath now.

2. 现阶段正在进行或发生的动作（但是动作并不是必须在说话时正在进行）。例如： You are working hard today.

Kate wants to work in Italy, so she is learning Italian. The population of the world is growing very fast.

频度副词always, forever等词连用时， 表示某种强烈的感情。如： He is always trying out new ideas. (表示欣赏，表扬)

表示按计划即将发生的动作（仅限于go, come, arrive, leave, start, fly, begin, stay 等动词）。如： The party is beginning at 8:00 o‘clock.

6) 常用于现在进行时态的时间状语： now 等。

often usually sometimes always every day never in the morning 等。

例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！

1．I don‘t think that it‘s true. She‘s always ______ lies. A. tell B. tells C. telling D. told

解析：always在这里应现在进行时连用， 带有感情色彩， 表示讨厌。选C. 2. How ______ you ______ with the new job?

A. do, do B. do, get along C. are, doing D. are, getting on 解析：表示现阶段正在发生的动作，用现在进行时。选D. 3．--- Are these socks yours?

--- No. Mine ______ outside on the clothes line.

A. are hanging B. have hung C. hang D. hung

解析：hang意为悬挂， hung意为上吊、绞死，先排除答案B、D。根据前后句意可判断出现在的状态，应用现在进行时。应选 A.

3．一般将来时 1）一般将来时的构成：

1. 助动词will(shall)+动词原形

2. am / is / are +going to +动词原形 2）一般将来时的用法： 1．将要发生的动作。例如： I will leave for Beijing tomorrow. 2．将要存在的状态。例如：

This time next year I will be in Japan. Where will you be? 3．打算要做的事。 例如：

Are you going to watch the film on television tonight? 3) 常用于一般将来时的时间状语：

tomorrow next week in 2008 等。

例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！

1. I______ for Hong Kong on Saturday. Will you go to see me off at the airport？ A. am leaving B. am left C. am going to leaving D. left 解析：趋向动词leave 可用现在进行时表将来。选A。

2.I______ to see grandma and help her with some housework every week. A. came B. am going come C. come D. will come

解析：此题虽然有every week, 但句意中表达的事将要去做的经常性动作。应该用一般将来时。因此选D。 3. We Chinese ______ the Olympic Games in 2008.

A. held B. shall holding C. are holding D. are going to hold

解析：本题的时间状语是将来的时间， 所以选用一般将来时，A、D都删去。shall后面应跟动词原型， 故应选D.

4．一般过去时

1）一般过去时的构成：

用动词的过去式。作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下： 一般情况 以e字母结尾的辅音 以辅音字母＋y结尾 重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母 2）一般过去时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以be和like为例）： 主 语 第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数 肯 定 式 I was a student. 否 定 式 I was not a student. 疑 问 式 Were you a student. you/ they +ed +d 去y变i＋ed 双写词尾字母+ed We/You/ They were We/You/ They were not Were students. He/ She was a student. students. students? He/ She was not a Was he/ she a student? student. I / We/ You/ They/ liked I / We/ You/ They/ Did you/ they like music. Many music.

3）一般过去时的用法： 1． 过去发生的动作。例如：

The police stopped me on my way home last night. 2． 过去存在的状态。例如：

They weren't able to come because they were so busy. 3. 常用于一般过去时的时间状语：

yesterday，three months ago，last year，in 1979，often，always等。

people didn‘t like music. music? liked Many people didn‘t like Did many people like music. music? 例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！

1． r. Mott is out. But he ______ here a few minutes ago.