06269-工程应用英语-湖南自考

课程代码： 06269

工程应用英语课程

自 学 辅 导 材 料

● 配套教材：《专业英语》 ● 主 编：李 嘉 ● 出 版 社：人民交通 ● 版 次：2012年版 ● 适应层次：本 科

内部教学使用 目 录 第一部分 自学指导 第1章：土木工程的基本知识……………………………………………………………1 第2章：公路与交通工程…………………………………………………………………2 第二部分 复习思考题 一．单选题 ………………………………………………………………………………3 二．填空题 ……………………………………………………………………………15 三．阅读理解题 …………………………………………………………………………17 四．英译汉题 …………………………………………………………………………32 五．汉译英题 …………………………………………………………………………38 第三部分 参考答案 一．单选题 ……………………………………………………………………………41 二．填空题 ……………………………………………………………………………41 三．阅读理解题…………………………………………………………………………41 四．英译汉题 …………………………………………………………………………42 五．汉译英题……………………………………………………………………………46

第一部分 自学指导 第1章：土木工程的基本知识 一．主要内容 1．土木工程中的职业 2．现代建筑和结构材料 3．公路测量 4．预应力混凝土 5. 结构设计原理 6. 土木工程合同 二．重点 1．土木工程中的职业（Careers in Civil Engineering）

2．现代建筑和结构材料 (Modern Buildings and Structural Materials) 3．公路测量 (Highway Survey) 4．预应力混凝土 (Prestressed Concrete)

5. 结构设计原理 （Philosophy of Structural Design） 6. 土木工程合同 (Civil Engineering Contracts) 三．难点 1．课文翻译。 2．单词记忆。

第2章：公路与交通工程 一．主要内容 1．交通运输系统 2．公路定线 3．线形设计 4．立交与互通式立交 5. 路面 6. 沥青面层 7. 公路排水 8. 高速公路

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9. 公路施工 二．重点 1．交通运输系统 (Transportation System) 2．公路定线 (Highway Location) 3．线形设计 (Design of the Alignment)

4．立交与互通式立交 (Grade separations and Interchanges) 5. 路面 (Pavement)

6. 沥青面层 (Bituminous Surface Courses) 7. 公路排水 (Highway Drainage) 8. 高速公路 （Freeways） 9. 公路施工 (Highway Construction) 三．难点 1．课文翻译。 2．单词记忆。 第二部分 复习思考题 一．单选题：

1. Computers are ________ unless they are given clear and accurate instructions and information. A. used B. useless C. useful D. uselessly 2. Active ____ __ for engineers often begins before the student?s last year in the university. A. employ B. recruiting C. hire D. firing

3. For the student who is preparing to become a ________ engineer, these specialized courses may deal with such subjects as geodetic surveying, soil mechanics.

A. computer B. social C. civil D. chemical

4. The civil engineer may work in research, design, construction, ________, maintenance, or even in sales. A. analysis B. supervision C. plan D. fee 5. Civil engineers work on many different kinds of . A. buildings B. projects C. structures D. roads

6. In designing buildings, civil engineers often work as ________ to architectural or construction firms. A. workers B. consultants C. employees D. students

7. Dams, bridges and other large projects ordinarily employ several engineers whose work is coordinated by a ________ engineer who is in charge of the entire project.

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A. main B. chief C. master D. systems 8. Construction is a ________ process on almost all engineering projects.

A. simple B. complicated C. easy D. likely 9. In compression, the material is ________ together.

A. stretched B. apart C. pushed D. tense 10. When a saw cuts easily through a piece of wood, the wood is . A. in tension B. in compression C. in press D. in push 11. We defined ________ as the tendency of a material to fracture along the lines of stress. A. tension B. compression C. push D. shear 12. The principal construction materials of earlier times were wood and ________, stone, or tile, and similar materials.

A. steel B. aluminum C. masonry brick D. plastic 13. Modern cement is a mixture of . A. bricks B. limestone and clay C. wood and ash D. plastic 14. Concrete is very . A. constant B. the same C. definite D. versatile

15. Steel has great tensile strength while concrete has great compressive strength, thus, the two substances ________ each other. A. counteract B. offset C. complement D. nullify 16. One system that helps ________ concrete weight to some extent uses polymers. A. cut B. accelerate C. add D. keep

17. The retention money serves to insure ________ against any defects that may arise in the work. A. the manager B. the contractor C. the carrier D. the employer 18. The civil engineering work must be completed to the satisfaction of the employer, or his . A. wife B. friend C. lawyer D. representative

19. For moderate and longer hauls, self-loading scrapers pulled by rubber-tired hauling units and push-loaded by tractors offer ________ cost.

A. higher B. lower C. the same D. different

20. Highway maintenance activities can be grouped and classified according ________the purpose of the treatment. A. with B. for C. forward D. to

21. Engineering is a profession, which means that an engineer must have a specialized ______ education. A. elementary school B．high school C．middle school D．university 22. In most cases, the tender may be ______ at any time until it has been accepted. A．confirmed B．withdrawn C．admitted D. continued

23. Current trend is to require students to take courses in the ______ science and the language arts. A．computer B．chemical C．social D．biology

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