初中英语动词变形

动词的变形

1. 动词讲解

实义动词：及物动词（带宾语）；不及物动词（不带宾语）。 及物动词

后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词，叫做及物动词。

①Mr Smith gave his wife twenty pounds for her birthday．史密斯先生给了他的妻子20英镑过生日。

②He asked the teacher a few questions．他向老师问了几个问题。 不及物动词

本身意义完整，后面不须跟宾语的实义动词，叫做不及物动词。 Birds fly.鸟会飞。

It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三二年六月。 My watch stopped.我的表停了。

系动词

亦称连系动词，作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。 1）状态系动词

用来表示主语状态，只有be动词，例如： He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。） 2）持续系动词

用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest， continue, remain, stay, 如： He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。 The weather stays fine. 天气还是很好。 3）表像系动词

用来表示\看起来像\这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如： He looks tired. 他看起来很累。

He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。 4）感官系动词

感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如： This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。 This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。 5）变化系动词

这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.

Become和get多指人的情绪或身体状态的变化，但侧重于转变后的结果。 当情况变坏时，往往用go表示，go和turn还可用于人或事物颜色的变化。 She went / turned blue with cold. 她冻得脸色发青了。 The rotten meat went / turned green. 这块腐烂的肉变绿了。Come表示结果的圆满。如：

He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。

She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。

联系动词固定搭配：

go mad发疯 go bad变烂 go wrong出毛病了 go hungry饿了 go blind变瞎 go red\\white变白\\红 fall ill病倒 fall asleep入睡 come true实现

come alive复活 come easy变容易 keep fit/silent/calm保持健康/沉默/冷静

2. 时态

时态 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 现在完成时/ 现在完成进行时 过去完成时 过去进行时 过去将来时 时间状语 always, hardly, often, usually, every day, once a week, on Sundays, sometimes, at等 at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, yesterday, last week, ago, the other day, in 1982，just now等 next…, tomorrow, in+一段时间, before+时间点等 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always, recently等 before, by+过去的时间等 at that time，at six yesterday，at that moment等 ... said that ... the next day/week/month/year

语法项目 构 成 规则变化 不规则变化 例 句 He goes to school every day. I often have lunch at home. 动词用原形 一般现在时 三人称单数-s / es 一般过去时 动词用过去时 Be—was/ were 一般-s –es 辅音have----has ＋y---ies 一般/去e 双写/go-went come-came He wrote a letter yesterday. 辅＋y结尾－ied do-did leave-left等 I studied hard last year. Go come leave stay Are you going to read ? fly等用进行表将来 He is coming tomorrow . Tom is writing now . They are lying on the bed . be going to＋V原 一般将来时 will / shall + V原 现在进行时 be＋doing 一般去e 双写 tie die lie – +ing 变ie为y加ing 现在完成时/ have / has +PP 分词规则的同过不规则的动词的过I have been teaching for 8 years. 现在完成进行 have/has been+doing 去式是一样的 去分词需逐个记忆 He has slept for two days. was / were +doing .过去进行时 多用于复合句中 过去完成时 had+动过去分词 多用于复合句中 would + V 原形 多用宾语从句中 一般去e 双写 tie die lie – +ing 变ie为y加ing He was reading at that time last Friday 规则的分词构成需要逐个记忆 We had learnt 2000 words 与过去时一样的 详见不规则动词表 by the end of last year. He said that he would come here the next day . 过去将来时

3. 主动句与被动句的转化

英语中只有及物动词才有被动语态。其形式为：Be动词 + 及物动词的过去分词 如：The teacher gave him a dictionary.-----He was given a dictionary (by his teacher). English is widely spoken in the world. (1) 被动语态的用法：

① 不知道谁是动作的执行者(即不知道谁做)时用被动语态,省略by短语。

如：A man was killed in the accident.(一个人死于事故)/ This window was broken yesterday.(这扇窗子是昨天被打破的)

②不说或者众所周知是谁做时,用被动语态,省略by短语。 如：Rice is also grown in this place.(这个地方也种水稻)/ A railroad will be built here in three years.(三年之后这里将要修建一条铁路) ③强调动作的承受者,句尾加by短语。 如：It was written by Lu Xun.(它(书)是鲁迅写的)/ A pet dog is never killed by its owner.(宠物狗是不会被主人宰杀的)

(2) 主动语态如何改写为被动语态：

主动句： 主语(人/物) + 谓语(及物动词) + 宾语(人/物) + 其他 + 状语 (动作的执行者) (各种时态形式) (动作的承受者)

被动句： 主语(人/物) + 谓语(及物动词) + by +人 / 物 + 其他 + 状语 (动作的承受者) (be +过去分词) (动作的执行者)

(3) 注意点： ①“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时,可以用间接宾语做被动句的主语。

如：His teacher gave him a dictionary.→He was given a dictionary by his teacher.(老师给他一本字典→他得到老师一本字典)

也可以用直接宾语做被动句的主语,但是需用to或者for引出原句的间接宾语。 如：His teacher gave him a dictionary.→A dictionary was given to him by his teacher.(老师给他．．一本字典→一本字典由老师送给了他)

His father made him a kite.→A kite was made for him by his father.(他的父亲给他做了一．．．个风筝→一个风筝由他的父亲做给了他)

②“动词+宾语+动词原形”改为被动时,动词原形前要加to.

如：The boss made the poor man work 12 hours a day.→The poor man was made to work 12 ．．hours a day.(老板让这个可怜的人一天工作12小时→这个可怜人被迫一天工作12小时) ③“动词+…+介词”改为被动时,介词一般在原位不动。 如：The girl takes good care of her little brother.→The girl’s little brother is taken good care of ．．．．by her.(女孩照顾小弟弟→女孩的小弟弟由她照顾着)

④“be+过去分词”未必表示被动语态,而可能是系表结构。

如：He is pleased / worried / tired /…….(系表)(他高兴/焦虑/疲劳……)

He was hit / knocked down / told / shot / …….(被动)(他被击中/撞倒/关照/射中……)

3. 句型

祈使句：句首动词用原形

It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. / It cost sb. some money to buy sth. What about/ How about doing sth.? 做。。。事情怎么样？ What do you think of doing sth.? 你认为做。。。事情怎么样？

It's + 形容词for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说，做某事很。。。（所接形容词用来修饰所做的这件事的性质）

例：It's difficult for him to finish the task. It's +形容词of sb. to do sth. 某人很。。。做某事（所接形容词用来修饰人的品格） 例：It's very kind of you to help me with my homework. What great fun it is to do sth. 做某事太开心啦。

Do you mind （one's）doing sht.? 你介意（某人）做某事吗？

4. 情态动词之后一般用动词原形

Must/can/may/might/should/could/be able to/shall

5. 不定式之后用动词原形

agree to to 答应做某事

ask sb. to do 要求某人做某事 invite sb. to do 邀请某人做某事

want (sb.) to do 想要（某人）做某事 plan to do 计划做某事

have (no) time to do 有（没有）时间做某事 encourage sb to do 鼓励某人做某事 help sb (to) do 帮助某人做某事

It's time (for sb.) to do 到时间做某事了 have to do 不得不/必须做某事 would like to do 想要做某事

decide {not} to do 决定（不）做某事 hope to do/wish to do 希望做某事 wish sb. to do 希望某人做某事

例外：look forward to doing 期望做某事

如：I always look forward to hearing from my parents. 我总是期待收到父母的来信。

Prefer doing (A) to doing (B) 与B相比，我更喜欢A 如：I prefer playing football to playing basketball. 与打篮球相比，我更喜欢踢足球。

6. 介词之后动词一般用-ing形式

be good at doing 擅长做某事 be good for 对做某事有好处

例：Eating less and taking more practise is good for keeping healthy. be interested in doing 对做某事很有兴趣 get ready for 准备好做某事

have a good time in doing 做某事很高兴 by/ through doing 通过做某事

例：I finally succeeded by/through studying hard. with/without doing 有（没有）做某事

例：It's not polite to leave without saying goodbye. have fun doing 做某事有乐趣

enjoy/dislike/hate doing 喜欢/不喜欢/讨厌做某事 finish doing 完成做某事 practise doing 练习做某事 go + 动名词(动词-ing)

spend some time (in) doing 花时间做某事 keep doing 保持长时间做某事的动作