自考英语（二） - 超完整 - 名师授课 - 详细笔记

I’m somewhat surprised about his behavior. 11.elevator: n 同义词：lift

12.impressive: adj 印象深刻的；impress: v 留下深刻印象；impression: n 印象（*） a.What was your first impression of Beijing?

b.We listened to a very impressive speech yesterday. c.I was deeply impressed by his noble deeds.

13.experienced: adj 有经验的；inexperienced 无经验的；experience: n 经验、经历; v 经历(*)

a.She has much experience in teaching, so she’s an experienced teacher. b.I had a funny experience in Africa last year.

14.miner: n 矿工；mine: n 矿，gold mine 15.immediately: adv 立刻，at once

B.Intensive reading:

1.They are the hardest substance found in nature. 译:它是被发现的自然界中最坚硬的物质。 found作定语，短语：in nature

2.There are only four areas where very many diamonds have been found.（*） 译：人们发现的金刚石主要产区只有四个。 where引导一个定语从句。

3.Diamonds became very popular with the kings and queens of Europe. became popular with sb:在?受欢迎，流行。

4.India’s supply of diamonds was finally running out after 2500years of mining the stones.

译：2500年的开采终于使印度的金刚石资源枯竭。

run out 用尽、枯竭； We are running out of our fresh water.

5.These diamonds were probably carried from where they were formed to India by great sheets of moving ice that covered parts of the earth 20000 years ago.

译：这些金刚石可能是在两万年前，随着覆盖于地球表面的冰川，从它们的形成漂移至印度的。 这句话注意它的从句：where they were formed作介词from的宾语从句，词性相当于后面的India，不是定语也不是状语；that covered parts of the earth 20000 years ago是定语从句修饰great sheets of moving ice。

6.Diamonds, as they are found, don’t look very impressive. 译：金刚石刚采出时，并不十分吸引人。

7.But some people have carried around an unusual pebble for weeks before finding out that they had got a diamond.

译：而有的人数周后才发现带在身边的不寻常的鹅卵石原来是一颗金刚石。 finding out that they had got a diamond作介词before的介宾。

find out与find不同，find out强调通过努力之后的发现，而find含有偶然性。 a. I found my lost pen on the floor.

b. I found out that he is a cheat.

C.Summary about the phrases:

1.in nature(1段2行); 2.be made from/of(2段1行); 3.chang sth into sth(3段2行);

4.be popular with(5段4行); 5.run out(6段3行); 6.pick up(8段2行); 7.sort out(8段3行); 8.so that(9段8行); 9.stick to(9段10行); 10.find out(10段4行)

Text B:

We all know that plants are different form animals. What’s their difference? Most of us will say that plants have leaves and roots and flowers, but animals haven’t them. But have you ever found it’s true or not? The answer is in the text.

A.New words:

1.beneath: prep 和某物接触并在下面，反义词是on; under:强调垂直在下，反义词over. 2.aside: adv 在旁边，短语：put sth aside

3.magnify: v 放大、扩大；magnifying glass:放大镜

4.puzzle: v 迷惑；n 智力测验 jigsaw puzzle智力拼图；puzzled, puzzling: adjl; puzzlement: n

a.I’m puzzled by his puzzling answer.

b.He stared at those sentences in complete puzzlement.

5.former, latter: Xiao Li is talking with Xiao Zhao. The former is a doctor, and the latter is an engineer.

6.inorganic: adj无机的，organic:有机的 7.dissolve: v 溶解、融化

B.Several important sentences:

1.You may look at a group of cows standing under the trees or catch a bee at his early drink in a morning-glory bell, and you would laugh if any one should ask you whether you can tell an animal from a plant.

译：你可能会看着树下的一群奶牛，或者当你捕捉牵牛花里一只正早起采蜜的蜜蜂时，若有人问你能否区分哪是动物，哪是植物，你会觉得好笑。

分析：standing under the trees作a group of cows的宾补，类似句型：see sb do/doing sth, hear sb do/doing sth, etc; you would laugh if any one should ask you whether you can tell an animal from a plant是虚拟语气，对将来某种情况的假设。其中tell sth from sth:区分某事物。I can’t tell her from her twin sister.

2.Students of nature are not satisfied with guessing, but they observe, day after day, the changes which take place in an object; and they see many things which most people would fail to see.

译：大自然的研究者不满意于猜测，而是日复一日地观察物体所发生的变化；他们看到了大多数人没能看到的东西。

分析：这是一个并列句，用；隔开。有很多短语需掌握：

①be satisfied with sth:对?满意； ②day after day: 日复一日地； ③take place: 发生（偶然）； ④fail to do sth:没有作成?

3.It was long supposed that the main difference between animals and plants was that

the former could move about while the latter couldn’t.

译：很长一段时间，人们认为动植物的主要差别是前者能移动而后者不能。

分析：it是形式主语；真正的主语是that the main difference between animals and plants was that the former could move about while the latter couldn’t。其中又包含有一个表语从句：that the former could move about while the latter couldn’t.这两句话的连词that均不能省略。

短语：the difference between sth and sth; move about/around.

4.No bird nor fish nor other animal could ever have lived on this earth, if the plants hadn’t come first and fitted it for the dwelling place of a higher order of beings.

译：如果不是先出现植物把地球变为适应更高一级生物生存的地方，就没有鸟，没有鱼，也没有其他动物。

分析：本句含有两个语法点：No bird nor fish nor other animal could ever have lived on this earth否定词在句首需倒装；虚拟语气，对过去某种情况的假设，条件从句if the plants

hadn’t come first and fitted it for the dwelling place of a higher order of beings，结果主句No bird nor fish nor other animal could ever have lived on this earth。

D.Summary about the phrases:

1.neither?nor（1段5行）; 2.seem to（1段6行）; 3.look up/down（2段1行）; 4.a matter of some difficulty（2段5行）; 5.tell sth from sth（3段4行）; 6.turn aside from（4段1行）; 7.be satisfied with sth（5段1行）; 8.not?but（5段1行）; 9.day after day（5段2行）; 10.take place（5段2行）; 11.fail to do sth（5段3行）; 12.lie in（5段5行）; 13.hold good（6段5行）; 14.whether?or（7段1行）; 15.live on（7段2行）; 16.fit for（8段4行）; 17.take in（9段3行）; 18.suck up（10段3行）; 19.take up（10段4行）; 20.dissolved in sth（10段4行）; 21.be different from（11段1行）

Grammar knowledge:句子的分类

英语中的句子按其结构可分为四种：简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句。

1.简单句：只有一个主语（或多个并列主语）和一个谓语（或多个并列谓语）的句子称为简单句。

a.We learn English.

b.My father and mother go to work at 8a.m. and come home at 6p.m.

2.并列句：由两个或两个以上并列而又相互独立的简单句构成。它们中间常用等立连词，或用分号、冒号、逗号等连接。

a.I help him and he helps me.

b.I’ve just got a piece of good news: I was accepted by Xi’an Foreign Language University.

3.复合句：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。主句是句子的主体，从句只是整个句子的一部分，不能单独作句子。如：我们经常见到的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、定语从句、状语从句等。

a.We should never pretend to know what we don’t know. b.The boy whose father is a pilot has come.

c.What I want to say is that you shouldn’t give up, even if you have failed again.

4.并列复合句：在一个并列句中的一个或更多的分句中，包含有一个或更多的从句称为并列复合句。

a.Last year I met a boy who is an orphan, and now we have become good friends. b.They always help those who are in trouble and they are respected by them. 详情见p135

The 8th lecture of College English one

Unit 7 Text A: Families

We know that family is the basic unit of a society. There are many kinds of families nowadays: nuclear families, extended families, DINK families, the single parent families, remarried families etc. so let’s study families from our text.

A:New words:

1.definition: n 定义；动词，下定义：define

2.marriage: n 婚姻，marriage certificate, marry: v; 反义词：divorce 3.descend: v 遗传、下来；后裔：descendant,反义词：ancestor 祖先

4.household: n 家庭 adj家庭的 a household name；householder: n 家长、户主；

5.relative: n 亲戚，adj 相对的；relate: v relate to; relation: n 关系(*) a.My uncle is one of my nearest relatives.

b.There is no relation between those two events. c.Does what you say relate to what you have done?

6.traditional: adj 传统的；tradition: n; traditionally: adv(*) a.Drinking tea is a Chinese tradition.

b.Traditionally, women stayed at home taking care of the children. c.He believes in traditional Chinese medicine.

7.security: n 安全 the Security Council安理会，security guard保安 8.basically: adv, basic: adj; base

9.nuclear: adj 核心的，nucleus: n 核心；nuclear energy核能；nuclear war,nuclear weapon, nuclear-free area无核区

10.extended: adj 延伸的，extended family; extend: v 延伸；extension: n; extensive: adj 广泛的、广阔的（*）

a.The extension of the house became a kitchen.

b.The professor has an extensive knowledge of Chinese history. c.They have extended the road from ten miles to sixty miles.

11.agicultural: adj 农业的；agriculture: n 农业

12.industrial: adj 工业的；industry: n 工业、行业；industrialize: v 工业化；industrialization: n (*)

a.These cities are highly industrialized.

b.England became the center of the Industrial Revolution. c.The air transport industry is developing very rapidly.